A similar stalemate developed in the region of Abkhazia, where Abkhaz separatists had waged a war in 19921993. While awaiting an international mechanism, Russian peacekeeping forces will implement additional security measures (six months), Opening of international discussions on the modalities of lasting security in Abkhazia and South Ossetia (based on the decisions of the U.N. and the. [92], Although Georgia has no notable gas or oil reserves, its territory hosts part of the BakuTbilisiCeyhan pipeline supplying oil to Turkey. The conflict between Russia and Georgia began to escalate in December 2000, when Georgia became the first and sole member of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) on which the Russian visa regime was enforced. [96] NATO stated that Ukraine and Georgia would be admitted in the alliance and pledged to review the requests for MAP in December 2008. Seven years later, when the oil price was at $105 a barrel, Russia invaded Georgia, and its relationship with America deteriorated dramatically. [181] No less than 5 Georgian cities had been bombed by 9 August. According to the Russian defence ministry, railroad troops were not armed. [274], Since October 2008 the European Union Monitoring Mission (EUMM) monitors the Administrative Boundary Lines of both South Ossetia and Abkhazia. Russia's recent invasions of Ukraine and Georgia offer clues to what Putin might be thinking now A Ukrainian military serviceman walks along a snow-covered trench in the eastern Lugansk region. In 2008, Russian President Vladimir Putin invaded Georgia, a country in the Caucasus region located on the Black Sea, during the opening ceremony of the Beijing Olympics. In a brief, five-day conflict, the Russian army routed its outnumbered and outgunned Georgian opponent and advanced to . [146] The Russian air force began raiding targets inside South Ossetia and Georgia proper after 10:00 on 8 August. [193], A naval confrontation occurred between Russian and Georgian vessels on 10 August. Attacks by militias compelled Georgian civilians to run away. The guided missile destroyer USS McFaul did enter the Black Sea to deliver humanitarian supplies to Georgia, passing through the Bosporus on Aug. 22 10 days after the cease-fire. The Russian air force attacked targets both within and beyond the conflict zone. On Aug. 8, 2008the day after full-scale war broke out in my countrythe Olympics opening ceremony took place. [378] The Russian military had no losses in the artillery, air defence and naval forces. The Europeans rejected the idea, understanding the geo-strategic implications of pushing NATO . Now we expect Russia to be logical about these matters and do what is good for business. [237] On 14 August, South Ossetian President Eduard Kokoity and Abkhaz President Sergei Bagapsh also endorsed the plan. [97] Russian President Vladimir Putin was in Bucharest during the summit. [7] Anton Lavrov listed one Su-25SM, two Su-25BM, two Su-24M and one Tu-22M3 lost. [277] Robert Kagan argued that "Historians will come to view Aug. 8, 2008, as a turning point" because it "marked the official return of history". A surprise attack on a land-forces commander, in which only five of thirty vehicles in his convoy made it, demonstrated information-gathering negligence. This impeded the comeback of 20,000 uprooted people after the conflict. [297], Georgia and South Ossetia have filed complaints about alleged war crimes committed by the other side with international courts, including the International Criminal Court,[298] the International Court of Justice,[299] and the European Court of Human Rights. [230] The information skirmishes between Georgia and Russia continued after armed hostilities had ended. [240], The plan embodied the following statutes (dismissed additions are parenthesised):[236], After the ceasefire was signed, hostilities did not immediately end. Although Georgian military had pledged safety to the Russian peacekeepers for their neutrality, the Russian peacekeepers had to follow the Russian command to attack the Georgian troops. [183] The Georgian forces withdrew from Gori on 11 August. The Medvedev Doctrine stated that "protecting the lives and dignity of our citizens, wherever they may be, is an unquestionable priority for our country". Eduard Kokoity, an alleged member of the mob, became the de facto president of South Ossetia in December 2001; he was endorsed by Russia since he would subvert the peaceful reunification of South Ossetia with Georgia. [242] Prisoners of war were swapped by the two countries on 19 August. [283], According to academic Martin Malek, western countries did not feel it was necessary to aggravate tensions with Russia over "tiny and insignificant" Georgia. Most of the land combat warfare was conducted by Russian Airborne Troops and special troops. Georgia's experience in August 2008 informed Ukraine's decision not to respond violently to Russia's invasion of Crimea in 2014, a decision that undoubtedly saved many lives. For instance, as oil exports to the West fell in 2022, purchases from China and Indiacountries that did not condemn the invasionmade up the difference, contributing to Russia's record $227 . [281] The war hindered Georgia's prospects for joining NATO for the foreseeable future. [294] The Georgian civilians, who resided in the Akhalgori district and were willing to live in South Ossetia, were coerced into obtaining a Russian passport. [216] The Wall Street Journal said that Russian actions in Poti constituted an additional attack on the Georgian economy. The Georgian brigade was trained to serve in Iraq. Up until the operation to enforce peace is carried out. [40][172] Russia has stated it was defending both peacekeepers and South Ossetian civilians who were Russian citizens. [212] Russian aircraft attacked the town of Poti on 8 August, causing a two-day shutdown of the seaport. [337] There was a small number of disciplined and knowledgeable officers in high ranking positions,[351] and Saakashvili's government had no military background. [361] Unlike the Second Chechen War, Russia's force in Georgia was composed primarily of professional soldiers instead of conscripts. Source: FactSet. In 2015, after Russia's invasion and annexation of Crimea, Putin was . The Russian Foreign Ministry said that the resolution was "a counterproductive move". Russian actions during the war were heavily criticised by several Western countries: France and Germany took an intermediate position, abstaining from naming a guilty party:[314]. He also said that Russian troops would begin leaving Gori in two days. [159], According to Georgian intelligence,[160] and several Russian media reports, parts of the regular (non-peacekeeping) Russian Army had already moved to South Ossetian territory through the Roki Tunnel before the Georgian military operation. [278] The failure of the Western security organisations to react swiftly to Russia's attempt to violently revise the borders of an OSCE country revealed its deficiencies. Pro-Moscow separatists backed by the Russian military seized about a fifth of Georgia's territory . First, it air-dropped elite troops into principal Afghan cities. [136] An evacuation of Ossetian women and children to Russia began on the same day. ", A confidential report sent on August 8, 2008, by the US Embassy in Tbilisi, leaked by WikiLeaks. According to UN mission head Johan Verbeke, about 60,000 ethnic Georgians in Abkhazia became vulnerable after the mission's end. [76] The upper Kodori Gorge in northeast Abkhazia remained beyond the Abkhaz separatist government's sway. [225] A civilian radar station in Tbilisi was bombed the following day. [186][187], Russian bombers attacked Gori on 12 August,[185] killing seven people and wounding over thirty. [348] According to a 2 September 2008 New York Times article, "Georgia's Army fled ahead of the Russian Army's advance, turning its back and leaving Georgian civilians in an enemy's path. [170] Military expert Ralph Peters later noted that anyone "above the grade of private" knew that such a large-scale Russian "response" was not spontaneous since it was impossible "even to get one armored brigade over the Caucasus Mountains" without lengthy planning. March 1, 2022. [205][206] This was first activity since 1945 for the Black Sea Fleet, which had probably departed from Sevastopol before full-scale hostilities between Russia and Georgia began. [107] No boost in the Kodori Gorge or near the Abkhaz border by either party was confirmed by the UNOMIG. In August 2008, Russia went to war with America's ally, Georgia. [198] New checkpoints were erected by the Russian forces on the Tbilisi-Gori road on 17 August. The Daily Telegraph described this bombing as "Russia's revenge". He further stated that South Ossetia's independence would block Georgia's NATO membership and the recognition must take place before December 2008. According to Makarov, the Georgian Armed Forces had exceeded their pre-war strength by 2009. [338] The best Georgian troops were overdue from Iraq and could not participate in the fighting. [360] Mechanised infantry opened a new front in Abkhazia, which contributed to the quickness of the Russian military success. Its planes did not fly after the first few hours of contact. [348] Western officers involved with Georgia's military indicated that Georgian military deficiencies were too great to be eliminated by new weapons. [354] Deputy chief of the General staff of Russia, General Anatoly Nogovitsyn, said that in the conflict new weapons were not tried out. [167] According to Russia, it suffered its first casualties at around 12:00 when two servicemen were killed and five injured following an attempt by the Georgian troops to storm the northern peacekeeping base in Tskhinvali. Russia launched an invasion here in 2008 a "peace enforcement" operation that left lasting marks on Georgia and presaged the Kremlin's war in Ukraine. [135] On 23 and again on 34 August, firing recommenced during the night. "[348], A sweeping Russian offensive caught Georgia by surprise, who had never got ready for confronting such invasion. [78] "The Russian-occupied Georgian territories of Abkhazia and South Ossetia are integral parts of Georgia. [11] The presence of prime 2,000 Georgian military and the bulk of Georgian high-level government officials abroad before the war meant that Georgia did not intend to begin hostilities. The next day, the Georgian law enforcement was ordered by the president to arrange the liberation of the soldiers. On August 8, 2008, a long-simmering conflict between Russia and Georgia boiled over into a shooting war between the small Caucasian nation and the superpower of which it was once a part. However, Russia did not embrace this truce offer. The Georgian troops would secure the Gupta bridge and the road to the Roki Tunnel, barring the Russian military from moving southward. Russia's invasion of Georgia in 2008 took place during the summer Olympics in Beijing. The invasion leads to a five-day war and . 1 Project 1387 class patrol boat Tskhaltubo '101': (1, scuttled). In Georgia, "Russia showed that it can break international law, invade other countries and get away with it, something it repeated in Ukraine with much greater consequences," Fras said, as quoted . NATO Secretary General Jaap de Hoop Scheffer commented that "he'd eat his tie if it turned out that a NATO MiG-29 had magically appeared in Abkhazia and shot down a Georgian drone. [7] Most losses of armaments were sustained after the ceasefire. [373] A Russian air attack on Marneuli Air Force Base destroyed three AN-2 aircraft. [351], After the ceasefire agreement Stratfor states that Russia "has largely destroyed Georgia's war-fighting capability". However, a military withdrawal from South Ossetia and Abkhazia was not proclaimed. [253] On 26 August, Medvedev issued orders recognising the two states,[254] saying that recognising the independence of the two entities "represents the only possibility to save human lives. Thanks to the global financial crisis, oil prices . On 1 August 2008, the Russian-backed South Ossetian forces started shelling Georgian villages, with a sporadic response from Georgian peacekeepers in the area. South Ossetia occupies the southern slopes of the Greater Caucasus mountains. First the 4th Guards Military Base in South Ossetia[265] and the 7th Military Base in Abkhazia were established, formalised in an agreement valid for 49 years. Escaping Georgians blamed Russian president Medvedev for their suffering because they, trusting Medvedev's statement on ceasefire, had remained in their homes before the Russian advance. To mark the anniversary, the United States and seven European nations urged Russia to withdraw their troops from Abkhazia and South Ossetia, as Georgian officials warn of an increasingly grave. [219] On 8 August, the Georgian Interior Ministry reported that Vaziani Military Base near the city was hit by two bombs. The 2008 Russo-Georgian War was a war between Georgia, on one side, and Russia and the Russian-backed self-proclaimed republics of South Ossetia and Abkhazia, on the other.The war took place in August following a period of worsening relations between Russia and Georgia, both formerly constituent republics of the Soviet Union.The fighting took place in the strategically important South Caucasus . [292] According to the Memorial society, the villages of Kekhvi, Kurta, Achabeti, Tamarasheni, Eredvi, Vanati and Avnevi were "virtually fully burnt down". In 2008, Russia invaded Georgia during the Summer Olympics in Beijing. [157], By 15:00 MSK, an urgent session of Security Council of Russia had been convened by Russian president Dmitry Medvedev and Russia's options regarding the conflict had been discussed. The conflict was named by Georgian journalists as the war "that was hidden from history" because there was very little video recording of the fighting. Georgia at that time claimed it had downed no less than 21 Russian aircraft. [270][271][272] Georgia considers the two regions occupied by Russia. The conflict itself was over within a matter of days, but the repercussions of the Russo-Georgian War continue to reverberate thirteen years on, shaping the wider geopolitical environment. [214] Anatoliy Nogovitsyn, Russian deputy chief of the General staff, denied the Russian presence in Poti the following day. This was followed by a 15-minute intermission, which purportedly enabled the civilians to escape, before the Georgian forces began bombarding hostile positions. [91], One of President Saakashvili's primary aims for Georgia was to become a member state of NATO,[84] which has been one of the major stumbling blocks in GeorgiaRussia relations. Russia had invaded Ukraine in 2014 when rebels backed by President Putin had seized large swathes. Six months later, in August 2008, Russia invaded Georgia. [102], A Georgian reconnaissance drone flying over Abkhazia was shot down by a Russian warplane on 20 April. It has more or less stabilized now. [346], Swedish analysts Carolina Vendil Pallin and Fredrik Westerlund said that although the Russian Black Sea Fleet did not meet significant resistance, it proved effective at implementing elaborate operations. Putin recently announced a partial withdrawal of troops to their permanent bases, sending false signals of. [169] Most of Tskhinvali and several villages had been secured by Georgian troops by the afternoon;[155] however, they failed to blockade the Gupta bridge and the key roads linking Tshkinvali with the Roki Tunnel and the Russian military base in Java. [162] The entrance of second batch of Russian military through the Roki Tunnel during the night of 7/8 August pressured Georgian president Saakashvili to respond militarily around 23:00 to check Russian all-out incursion near the Roki Tunnel before the Western response would be late. [289], The use of M85S cluster bombs by the Georgians and RBK 250 cluster bombs by the Russians caused fatalities among civilians. [4] Georgia considers Abkhazia and South Ossetia Russian-occupied territories. The Biden administration has been warning that a Russian invasion of Ukraine could be imminent as Moscow has amassed. [179] On 9 August, Russia indiscriminately bombed Gori, with targets ranging from a military garrison to several large civilian apartment buildings and a school. [154] The ceasefire reportedly held for about three hours. [301] As of May 2014, 20,272 persons were still displaced, with their return being blocked by de facto authorities. South Ossetian forces occupied Akhalgori and one fighter said that "It will be part of an independent country within the Russian Federation." Russia recognised the independence of Abkhazia and South Ossetia from Georgia on 26 August and the Georgian government severed diplomatic relations with Russia. First and foremost, it destroyed the peaceful existence of Ukrainians, now fearlessly fighting for their country and fleeing from the war in astonishing numbers. Russia only sent troops and tanks to drive Georgian forces out of South Ossetia after President George Bush failed to put pressure on Georgia's president to stop his . [241], On 17 August, Medvedev announced that Russian military would start to pull out of Georgia the following day. . Why did Russia invade? [317] Heidi Tagliavini, a national of Switzerland (non-EU state), oversaw the making of the EU-sponsored report which was published in September 2009. In 2021, the European Court of Human Rights ruled that Russia maintained "direct control" over the separatist regions and was responsible for grave human rights abuses taking place there. [245], On 8 September, Sarkozy and Medvedev signed another agreement on a Russian pullback from Georgia. This caused Georgian peacekeepers and servicemen in the area to return fire. "[146] On the same day a Russian advance column, led by Lieutenant-General Anatoly Khrulyov, was ambushed by Georgian special forces near Tskhinvali; Khrulyov was wounded in the leg. The separatists dismissed the German project for Abkhazia approved by Georgia. [320][321][322] However, the report also noted " any explanation of the origins of the conflict cannot focus solely on the artillery attack on Tskhinvali in the night of 7/8 August",[323] since " it was only the culminating point of a long period of increasing tensions, provocations and incidents",[324] and there was " no way to assign overall responsibility for the conflict to one side alone. [148] During the afternoon, OSCE monitors noted Georgian military traffic, including artillery, on roads near Gori. [364], Two DANA self-propelled howitzers of the Georgian army were destroyed in combat and two DANAs were captured in and near Gori. The UN General Assembly immediately responded by passing a resolution declaring the referendum was invalid - however, this was not. [5] According to Georgian president Mikheil Saakashvili, his country saved 95percent of its armed forces. Russian incursions into other countries have left the world in shock. [74] Some, mostly ethnically Georgian parts of the former South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast remained under the Georgian control. About 20 of those were subsequently destroyed. Meanwhile, Russia has shifted from the use of conventional military means to hybrid tools that aim to reestablish the Kremlin's influence over Tbilisi in a more subtle and cost-efficient way. [201] Georgia's principal highway connecting east with west was now free for transit. Insiders explain why Putin decided to invade at that moment. Since the invasion, the price of everyday items across the world has increased. But NATO has long . Since then, Georgia has been slowly fading away from the international agenda. Withdrawals from Senaki and Khobi also took place. [266] Then, Russia started the construction of border guard bases under the command of the Russian FSB Border Guard Service to demarcate and "protect the state border" of both South Ossetia and Abkhazia. Nine rigid-hull inflatables were captured. Russian, South Ossetian and Abkhaz victory, The 2008 Russo-Georgian War[note 3] was a war between Georgia, on one side, and Russia and the Russian-backed self-proclaimed republics of South Ossetia and Abkhazia, on the other. A total of 1,630 servicemen, including 1,000 American troops, took part in the exercise, which concluded on 31 July. [334] Russian President Dmitry Medvedev questioned the claim that ships going to Georgia were bringing only humanitarian assistance, alleging the delivery of military material. Russian tanks roared deep into Georgia on Monday, launching a new western front in the conflict, and Russian planes . [229] In response to the information war, the Georgian government halted the broadcasting of Russian television channels in Georgia and blocked access to Russian websites. [358] Two helicopters, a Mi-8MTKO and a Mi-24, were wrecked in an accident after the hostilities. [340] It exceeds the Georgian Army in the number of forces, heavy hardware and planes. He wrote in the Caucasian Review of International Affairs that Western policy makers did not want to alienate Russia because its support was necessary to solve "international problems". [347] The Georgian air-defence early-warning and command-control tactical system was linked via Turkey to a NATO Air Situation Data Exchange (ASDE), which provided Georgia with intelligence during the conflict. Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov said that a Russian deployment in Abkhazia and South Ossetia would prove decisive in preventing Georgia from recovering territories. [358] Lavrov denies that the shot-down Tu-22M was being used for reconnaissance. Because of this pattern, many analysts have pointed to an increased risk of a new Russian invasion of Ukraine during the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics. Additionally, special forces and Ministry of Internal Affairs troops were deployed. [191] The destruction of Georgian military bases began. [8] The primary task of securing Tskhinvali was accomplished by the 4th Brigade with support from the 2nd and 3rd Brigades. Right up until the outbreak of the current war on Feb. 24, 2022, the Western powers consistently rejected Russian calls for a neutral Ukraine. [239] On 16 August, Russian President Dmitry Medvedev signed the agreement. [86], The Georgian government launched an initiative to curb smuggling from South Ossetia in 2004 after its success in restoring control in Adjara. [124] This was the first time in the 2000s that Russia had confessed to an overflight of Georgia. Western efforts to explain why Russia had not yet invaded Ukraine earlier this month despite a build-up of more than 150,000 troops at the border pointed to the Winter Olympics as a potential answer. [87], At the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe in Strasbourg in January 2005, Georgian president Saakashvili proposed a peace settlement for South Ossetia within a unified Georgian state. We attacked their friends. [165] The Georgian 4th Brigade advanced on the left side of Tskhinvali early in the morning on 8 August;[155] the 3rd Brigade advanced on the right side. "[143][144], Mortar and artillery exchange between the South Ossetian and Georgian forces erupted in the afternoon of 6 August across almost the entire front line, which lasted until the dawn of 7 August. [124] A scheduled visit of Condoleezza Rice, the US Secretary of State, to Georgia on the next day nearly coincided with the timing of the flight. [371] Instead all fighter and training aircraft, including the Su-25s, were tucked away. Russian naval forces blockaded part of the Georgian Black Sea coastline. [203] The Russian patrol ship Mirazh was probably responsible for the sinking. They briefly pressured the capital Tbilisi before withdrawing to. Georgia bin get more beef with Russia on top say Moscow bin dey support di breakaway regions of Abkhazia and South Ossetia wey lead to one short but deadly war for August 2008. This is because many countries are no longer using gas supplied by Russia, so there is greater demand and a higher . [36][38], Nikolay Pankov, the Russian deputy defence minister, had a confidential meeting with the separatist authorities in Tskhinvali on 3 August. [223] Georgian authorities reported on 9 August that Russian air attacks had targeted the BakuTbilisiCeyhan pipeline, but missed. The presence of Russian citizens in foreign countries would form a doctrinal foundation for invasion. [377] During one engagement, Georgian forces destroyed 25 out of 30 vehicles of a Russian military unit commanded by General Anatoly Khrulyov. They razed Avnevi and a police building in Kurta, the centre of the Provisional Administrative Entity of South Ossetia. [204] The Georgian coast was blockaded by vessels of the Russian Black Sea Fleet on 10 August. Our official policy is that "NATO does not seek confrontation and poses no threat to the Russian Federation.". [36][37][38][39] To put an end to these attacks, Georgian army units were sent into the South Ossetian conflict zone on 7 August and took control of most of Tskhinvali, a separatist stronghold, within hours. A few leaders supported Russia's position: In November 2008, Georgia called on the EU to conduct an independent inquiry who was to blame for the conflict. Only when the South Ossetians opened up with artillery on Georgian villages, did the offensive to take Tskhinvali begin. [125] Georgia summoned back its ambassador to Russia after Russia admitted its jets had flown in Georgia's airspace to "let hot heads in Tbilisi cool down". However, Russia claimed it had only sent a task force for surveying the area. [200], The occupation lasted until 22 August, when Russian troops departed and Georgian police re-entered the city. We in the Bush administration did recognize the looming danger of Russian military action in Georgia. On August 8, 2008, Russian forces began the invasion of Georgia, marking the start of Europe's first twenty-first century war. Georgia stated that its strikes only intended to "neutralize firing positions from where Georgian positions were being targeted". However, because of anxiety about secessionist areas in SCO states, especially in China, the organisation did not endorse recognition. The First Time Putin Tried to Invade a Foreign Country During the Kosovo war in 1999, Vladimir Putin, who was the Russian national security advisor at the time, backed a dangerous plan that. [166], Georgian forces, among them special troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, entered Tskhinvali after taking the high points near the town. Several more vehicles were impaired in accidents. [31][32][33][34][35] Intensifying artillery attacks by the South Ossetian separtists broke a 1992 ceasefire agreement. The brief . [149], At 16:00, Temur Iakobashvili (the Georgian Minister for Reintegration) arrived in Tskhinvali for a previously arranged meeting with South Ossetians and Russian diplomat Yuri Popov;[148] however, Russia's emissary, who blamed a flat tire, did not appear;[31] and neither did the Ossetians. [206] Abkhaz defence officer said that Georgian forces were driven out of the Kodori Gorge. [212] Russian soldiers took twenty-one Georgian troops prisoner and grabbed five US Humvees in Poti, taking them to a Russian-occupied military base in Senaki. [161] Even the state-controlled Russian TV aired Abkhazia's de facto president Sergei Bagapsh on 7 August as saying: "I have spoken to the president of South Ossetia. [108], A ceasefire was unilaterally announced on 10 August by Georgian authorities, who stated an aim to pull Georgian troops out of South Ossetia. [70] By 2003, the population of Abkhazia was reduced from 525,000 to 216,000 after an ethnic cleansing of Georgians, the single largest ethnic group in the region. [59], The independent Democratic Republic of Georgia was invaded by the Red Army in 1921 and a Soviet government was installed. [88], In early March 2008, Abkhazia and South Ossetia submitted formal requests for their recognition to Russia's parliament shortly after the West's recognition of Kosovo which Russia had been resisting. The motion called for the diplomatic recognition of Abkhazia and South Ossetia by President Medvedev. [345] A Russian assessment, reported by Roger McDermott, said that Russian losses would have been significantly higher if the Georgians had not left behind a portion of their Buk-M1 systems near Senaki in western Georgia and several Osa missile launchers in South Ossetia. Events in Georgia in 2008 presaged what was to come in Ukraine. It is regarded as the first European war of the 21st century.[30]. [146] .mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{background-color:#F9F9F9;text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}, "All the evidence available to the country team supports Saakashvili's statement that this fight was not Georgia's original intention.
Is The 700 Club A Good Charity To Give To, Idioms About Darkness, Morningstar Office Pricing, Articles W