Newborn shells brown. Carib Physa Flatwood siltsnail North American freshwater snails: species list, ranges and illustrations. Lobe and flagellum with various patterns of dermal glands (Fig. Shell conical to elongate-conical; whorls 4.0-4.5 with a deeply impressed suture. 56). Adults about 2-3 mm long (Figs. Body whorl relatively rapidly expanding in diameter (Fig. Live field samples should be divided into two groups, one to be preserved for shells, the other to be preserved for anatomical specimens. 99). Adult shell without lamella on interior walls of aperture. The horntail snail belongs to the genus Macrochlamys (family Ariophantidae), which has over a hundred described species distributed from South to Southeast Asia and southern China (Pholyotha et al. Operculum nearly multispiral with four large, slowly expanding whorls (Fig. 158). 65). 100). Operculum spiral, consisting of two or more rapidly increasing whorls (Fig. A preliminary revision of Florida Lioplax (Gastropoda: Viviparidae), with a description of Lioplax talquinensis n.sp. Nautilus, 32: 71. 172). Taylor (2003) monographed the family Physidae. 39). Tryonia aequicostatus An investigation by FDACS Division of Plant Industry found multiple positive sites with the snail in Miami-Dade County. By 1973, more than 18,000 snails had been found and destroyed along with thousands of eggs, and the snail was . In others, some or all populations may be parthenogenetic, consisting only of females, or they may have a disproportionately small number of males. Shell nearly smooth, sculptured with irregular growth striations. 115a, 115b). 171-173). Melanoides tuberculata Banded Mysterysnail Aphaostracon monas In the event that only shell specimens are available, picture-matching may be necessary to eliminate some choices in the couplets. Spiral sculpture absent. In Pasco County Florida, a quarantine order was issued for people after the re-discovery of the giant African land snail, an invasive species that can harm to humans, structures, and wildlife. Accessory crest present. Ichetucknee Siltsnail Thompson, F. G. 1983. A giant African land snail, photographed at a lab in 2014. Apex very obtuse, almost in the middle of the shell. It is essential that clean specimens be examined under proper lighting to observe diagnostic sculpture characteristics. Burch, J. Three species are known from rivers entering northwest Florida from Georgia and Alabama. Apex about 0.4-0.5 times length of shell. Rails, gallinules, coots and cranes. Color of fresh shell never milky white. Important diagnostic characteristics for subfamilies, genera, and species are found in the female reproductive system, the male reproductive organ (the penis), and modifications of the radular teeth. The shell are secondarily useful for identification, but only when supplemented with anatomical information. Low-dome Physa The molluscan family Planorbidae. Floridobia is known from peninsular Florida north along the Atlantic seaboard to Maine. Length of shell 2.0-2.4 mm (Fig. Shell sculptured with fine spiral striations, and in some cases curved axial ribs. Quarterly Journal of the Florida Acaemy of Sciences, 32: 241-65. 153). Aperture broadly elliptical. 118). Brownish-yellow in color (Fig. 129). Nautilus, 83: 72. Horse conch in mud Horse Conch snail The mature horse conch can be two feet long! (Lea, 1862). However, this appears to be an over reduction, and several southern species were synonymized that appear worthy of recognition. Size small, discoidal, adults seldom exceeding 4 mm in width. (Thompson, 1968). 173). Penis with different arrangement of papillae than above. Sides of spire straight in lateral profile. 6). 125); accessory crest absent on penis. Being nocturnal, these pests aren't always feeding when you're scouting. Throughout the 19th and 20th Centuries malacologists made frequent field trips to explore river systems that were poorly known, and to revisit others that were renown for their rich and unique assemblages of species. Laevapex fuscus The snails identified in Pasco County look different from the ones previously seen in Miami-Dade County: Their flesh is creamy white, rather than grayish brown. Shell elongate, thin, transparent, grayish. In Florida, the African land snail existed largely in Miami-Dade County, although hundreds of the pests were found in Broward County, specifically western Davie, in 2014. . J. Clench and Ruth P. Turner (1956) published a survey of the fauna from the Suwannee River west to the Escambia River. Surface smooth, glossy, striations when present very weak. 32). Hatia pomilia hendersoni Penis with 3 I 0 small papillae around base and 7-15 papillae along right margin in a single row (Fig. Penis with large a terminal lobe on the left side and a smaller appendix-like flagellum on the right side. The bulimulids of Florida have ovate-conical or bulimoid shells that at maturity range in size from 15 mm to 70 mm. Sculpture consisting of fine incremental threads, and spiral striations that may become obsolete at maturity. Identification should conform with all data in the key and with geographic distributions. The family contains numerous genera and species, some of which are important medically as intermediate hosts for trematode parasites. (Conrad, 1834). (Lea, 1962). Transparent white (Fig. Outer lip of aperture arched forward (Figs. Escambia Elimia Typically, land snails live on or near the ground, feed on decaying plant matter, and lay their eggs in the soil. Shell brightly banded and with large, wide and wavey vertical folds; robust, usually 21-25 mm long (Fig. (Vanatta, 1934). Attains a length of about 30-36 mm (Figs. Click on images to enlarge them. This will lead you to the final choice which identifies the snail. 197, 204). 15, 18). The sexes are separate and fertilization is internal (Andrews, 1964). Choctaw Lioplax Umbilicus narrow, deep (Fig. The HYDROBIIDAE include over 200 genera and approximately 1000 species. Earlier whorls of adult shell with vertical ribs and spiral chords. 101). Whorls straight-sided, not scalariform; suture hardly distinct; aperture terminating at periphery of last whorl; vertical ribs weaker and closely spaced; adult size about 25-30 mm long (Fig. Shell without conical spines, although spiral threads may be present. Florida announced on Wednesday it has eradicated the African giant land snail - an invasive species that can destroy homes and infect people with meningitis - for the second time. The following shells are commonly found on Florida's beaches. Vertical ribs reduced in size, but with bold spines at the periphery; spiral threads above periphery relatively weak; adults up to 35 mm long (Fig. Weak spiral striations present on top of growth striations (Figs. Planorbid snails are restricted to fresh water and occur worldwide, being found on all continental landmasses and many oceanic islands. Apex subacute, distinctly eccentric to the right of the midline. Wm. An invasive snail species known as the giant African land snail has officially been eradicated in the state of Florida after years of attempts and $24 million worth . The radula can be studied by dissecting out the buccal mass and macerating it in clorox or sodium hydroxide. Inside of lip with or without a reddish callus but callus never dark red in color. There is no consensus in systematic biology about how to treat these forms. Penis with two or more longitudinal crests within U-shaped superior tubercle (Fig. Shell conical or globose-conical; thin, translucent, occasionally opaque. Occasionally it may be necessary to turn to other information sources to determine identifications with a greater degree of certainty.. Four species currently are recognized, but the genus has received very little study over most of its range. Whorls of spire strongly arched or rounded. Fighting a new infestation of an invasive, crop-damaging snail, Florida agriculture officials on Thursday said they have collected 1,000 of the creatures in just over a week in Pasco County, where they were recently discovered following two years in abeyance. Helisoma anceps anceps The first snail is Euglandina rosea, the "rosy wolf snail" it is carnivorous, and eats other snails.The second snail is Zachrysia provisoria, the "garden provisoria", which can be a pest as it enjoys fruits and vegetables.These snails are both native to Florida; neither species can survive in the wild in cold climates, but both species have been introduced to other . Operculum with about 3 whorls (Fig. Aperture loosely attached to or slightly free from preceding whorl. Aperture large, oval, much more than half the length of shell. Similarities in appearance among the exotic species can make identification very difficult. Whorls of spire less rounded. Two subfamilies occur in North America. Base of last whorl with prominent spiral ridges. Fenney Spring Hydrobe 3:51. 135). Identifications are difficult in many instances without properly preserved specimens. Peristome narrow to broadly ovate. (Reeve, 1860). Attains a length of 30-40 mm (Fig. In previous editions of the manual species of Floridobia were placed in the genus Cincinnatia. Aperture strongly oblique. Ecology: This large snail is found in freshwater lakes, rivers, streams, ponds and ditches, preferring slow-moving water. The giant African snails detected in New Port Richey, Florida are unrelated to the population of giant African snails eradicated from Broward and Miami Dade counties last year. 2018). Goblin Elimia) Elimia vanhyningiana (Goodrich, 1921). 136, 138). It is presented in the form of key supplements with illustrations and habitat information to facilitate identifications. Basch (1963) revised the classification and recognized only twelve species. 140-146). Spire usually about equal to or greater than height of aperture (Figs. Marisa cornuaurietus Sexes not conspicuously dimorphic in size. Mantle mottled with black spots and blotches. Penis with a single papilla along left margin (Fig. 22). JACKSONVILLE, Fla. - An invasive giant African snail that has already had to be eradicated twice in the last 50 years in Florida is back and one county is on high alert. Penis filament white. (Say, 1825). Nuclear whorl 0.41 mm in diameter transverse to initial suture. 4, 5). A giant African snail sighting in Florida enacted a quarantine over parasite concerns. They have been found in extremely high numbers in some crop fields, including corn, cotton, and peanuts, in home gardens, and around farm . Female oviparous, never with embryos in uterus. Aperture elliptical and usually attached to preceding whorl; 4.1-4.5 whorls present. Bugle Sprite A review of the recent freshwater limpet snails of North America. Penis as illustrated (Fig. Shell with spiral chords or spirally arranged series of nodes. As was anticipated, further work on the systematics of the southeastern freshwater snail fauna created the need for subsequent revision in 1999, and for this updated version. 10-12). Spilochlamys gravis Vertical sculpture reduced to irregularly spaced and uneven growth striations or low undulating ribs. Indented Duskysnail (Walker, 1908). Base of shell regularly expanding, not funnel-shaped. Outer lip straight in lateral profiles. 93). Malacological Review, 24: 55-72. Newborn young about 4.5 mm in diameter (this can be determined by removing juveniles from brood pouch). Critical Florida references are Thompson 1968, 1969, 2000; Thompson and Hershler, 1991, and Hershler and Thompson, 1992. Thompson, F.G. 1968. (Anthony, 1860). Operculum with concentric growth rings around nucleus (Figs. Giant African Land Snail Identification Sheet - Florida Commissioner of . Floridobia petrifons Shell elongate-conical. Ghost Rams-horn Sides of spire concave in outline (Fig. 67). Vail, V. A. 130). Rasp Elimia Penis with 7-50 papillae along right margin and 1-4 papillae along distal third of left margin (Figs. Laevapex is a North American genus. Size small I I to medium, 8-12 mm in length. Common name: Florida applesnail Taxonomy: available through Identification: This species is the largest freshwater gastropod native to North America (Burch 1982). i-xxxvi, 1-530 pls. 202, 208). Rather stocky, adult about 15-20 mm long (Fig. Floridobia mica Outer lip strongly sinuous. Oftentimes you'll see trails of mucous around these damaged sites. There is much disagreement as to how many species actually exist. The rosy wolfsnail was introduced into Hawaii in 1955 as a biological control for the invasive . Channeled Applesnail Moderately large, thick-shelled operculate snails. 1962. 60). 170). 44). Viviparus intertextus 159). (Vanatta, 1935). Body whorl inflated. The other three forms, C. limum (Anthony, 1860), C. floridense Call,1866 and C. parthenum Vail, 1979, are exclusively apomictic parthenogens and have been separated on the basis of aperture coloration, embryonic shell coloration, and contour of the outer lip (Vail 1979a). (Couper, 1844). Whorls globose, with a deeply impressed suture. Body whorl relatively narrow, not conspicuously enlarging near aperture (Fig. Freemouth Hydrobe In the USA, it was first identified in New Orleans in 1939, but now is found in the Gulf Coast states from Florida to Texas, as well as in Puerto Rico and Hawaii. 140). (Thompson, 1968). 112), occurs in the Ocmulgee River system in Georgia. . 76). Shell planular or disc-shaped; spire flat when raised above succeeding whorls (Figs. Spiketopped Applesnail Two species occur in Florida. Fossaria cubensis 17-29). Spire depressed, much less than height of aperture, occasionally planular (Figs. Shell moderately large, 3.7-4.5 mm long; spire 1.00-1.35 times length of aperture; shell with 4.8-5.4 whorls. All freshwater limpets in the southeast belong to this family. 1969. 75, 76). Photo: University of Florida. Prepared by Fred G. Thompson, Fmr. 142). Floridobia leptospira Amnicola is a widespread genus in temperate North America. They complete their life cycles in one year. Apex proportionally longer, about 0.3-0.5 times length of shell. Apex of shell slightly convex in outline. Penis without a conspicuously enlarged papilla near right base, although other papillae usually are present. Click on the link in the row that best matches your snail. 10). (Fig. CLICK ON EACH PHOTO Fallen Angel Wing -Atlantic Mud Piddock Boring Angel Wing- Striate Piddock Rice Olive Length of shell 2.0-2.4 mm (Fig. 121). Incremental striations uniformly weak. Shell specimens should be cleaned and air-dried. Newborn shells white. This family contains twelve genera in North America. The snails are tan colored, high and conical, with mature snails about to 1-inch long. Marsh Sprite Biochemical studies show that in Elimia shell characters are conservative indicators of genetic divergence (Mihalcik & Thompson, 2002). Aperture never with a septum. Most other genera have received relatively minor attention, and their systematics are in flux. Two-ridged Rams-horn The radula is then thoroughly rinsed in distilled water, stained, and mounted on a microscope slide. Opercula of minute snails can be studied most easily by removing them from the animal and viewing them with transmitted light. 64). 80). The family contains many genera and numerous species in South America, Central America, Mexico, Africa, and Southeast Asia. 148). Like. Shell ovate, smooth or with fine raised riblets; riblets usually on the anterior slope when present. Many have been synonymized, some undeservingly so. The latter are placed in a small container filled with pond water. Haitia pomilia pomilia Spire shorter, conical, 0.7-1.3 times length of aperture, nearly straight-sided in outline, suture of whorls weakly or moderately impressed. Aperture moderately oblique. You can also navigate through the images by clicking on the arrows near the left and right edges of the enlarged view. 62). Size: 2-4 cm. 110, 111, 68). Identification. (Thompson, 2000). Adult shells about 40 70 mm high (Fig. Base of shell with dark red spiral band. 137, 139). Native and Invasive Land Snails Hawaiian Snails ( Partulina virgulata) From Molokai Island, Hawaii, 1900s-1960s Giant African Snails ( Lissachatina fulica) From Mariana Islands, North Pacific Ocean, 1950 Rosy Wolf Snail ( Euglandina rosea) From Gulf Co., Florida, 1983 Exhibit Area On the Brink Theme Warning Story Tags: Brink Invasive Invertebrates Ovate Campeloma Goldenhorn Marisa Walkerana, 13: 1-108. Sculpture above periphery of whorls consisting of sharp spiral chords and distinct vertical ribs; shell attenuate. (Frauenfeld, 1863). Vertical ribs strongly developed, crossed by nearly equal sized spiral threads that form low spines where they cross the ribs, adults about 20-25 mm long (Fig. Length of shell 2.1-2.8 mm (Fig. Slough Hydrobe Three new freshwater snails of the genus Cincinnatia from peninsular Florida. 2002. Embryonic shell with a strong peripheral spiral chord that continues onto following whorls (Fig. (Say, 1825). Female adult snail kites have yellow or orange legs and ceres; and red or orangish-brown eyes. The giant African land snail is back in Florida after having been declared eradicated twice. The most recent sighting of a giant African land snail took place in 2017, meaning the species can now be considered eradicated in the state of Florida. Shell smaller, generally less than 12 mm long. Ferrissia is widely distributed in the northern hemisphere. (Fig. Apex flat with narrow threadlike keel. Whorls rounded, not carinate above; occasionally angular below. Regal Hydrobe Florida's Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services said that a Pasco County master gardener reported seeing a giant African land snail in the New Port Richey area on June 23. Suture relatively deep, Whorls of spire rounded. Squaremouth Amnicola Thompson, F. G. 1982. Campeloma limum Tarebia granifera 34); penis frlattened, blade-like (Fig. Shell conical, spire moderatly high. Females ovoviviparous or oviparous. Henscomb Hydrobe . Mantle diffusely pigmented with melanophores (Fig. Whorls of spire weakly scalariform, causing the suture to be deeply incised. 38). (Lamark, 1822). 204-207), often eroded in older specimens. Elimia floridensis ssp. (Thompson, 1968). Incremental striations intensified near nucleus and umbilicus. The genus is found along the east coast of North America from Maryland south to Tabasco, Mexico. Other species deposit eggs during the period of March through May, at which time the adults die and immature forms dominate the population through August or September. This subfamily includes about fifteen North American and European genera (Thompson 1979). They are brown in color and have a striped pattern. 69). Female shell about 3.5-4.0 mm long (Fig. 92). A catalogue of the Viviparidae of North America with notes on the distribution of Viviparus georgianus Lea. Opercula should be glued to cotton plugs and replaced within the aperture. Recent studies treat amnicolids as a separate families. Other families occur elsewhere in North America and in other continents. (Thompson, 1968). Medium to large freshwater snails found on all continents except South America. Dorsl surface of penis with a few elongate superior tubercles that form a weakly defined U-shaped pattern. Haitia bermudezi Whorls of spire pointed and scalariform (steplike with nearly flat shoulders and deep sutures). Penny Sprite) Micromenetus floridensis (Baker, 1945). Peristome incomplete around aperture. 200, 206). 86). 1956. Aphaostracon theiocrenetus Freshwater snails (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of North America. (Thompson, 1968). Shell planispiral, adults large, 35-50 mm (Figs. 197-209). The giant African land snail ( Lissachatina fulica (Bowditch)) (GALS) is one of the most invasive pests on the planet, causing agricultural and environmental damage wherever it is found. Dipping them in a dilute solution of oxalic acid and gently scrubbing them with a fine brush can clean such specimens. (Call, 1886). Shell sculpture with incremental striations only. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 86: 29-66. Additional genera occur in the Orient, Southeast Asia, Africa, and South America. Radial striations present or absent Laevapex Walker, 1903. Terminal lobe of penis slender. This is particularly so in the Pulmonata. Sculpture consisting of axial striations only (Fig.147). As a result . Mihalcik, E. L. & F. G. Thompson. Penis with superior tubercles forming a vague broken loop; invaginated cave-like pit absent. Fawn Melania Shell moderately elevated, over 0.25 times as high as long. 122). Two, Melanoides tuberculata and Tarebia granifera, are medically important because they can serve as first intermediate host for the human lung fluke, Paragonimus westermani. 180-193). Shell usually small to medium (2-25 mm). 61). Three other species occur farther north. Suture deeply impressed, forming a channel. 180-182). Each snail has both female and male reproductive organs, so they can reproduce rapidly. Shell conical; thin and transparent; 4.0-4.5 strongly arched whorls. Shell keeled or strongly angular at the periphery (Figs. In 1976 in the St. Johns River 1 found Melanoides tuberculatus with population densities of 10,000/m2. Umbilicus broad, shallow (Fig. Shell obese and ponderous. (Sowerby, 1878). Cockscomb Hydrobe Amber to milky white in color (Figs. They're different than the ones found previously. Floridobia helicogyra 105, 106). Shell larger, 2.2-4.8 mm long. Another variety, with cream-colored flesh and mottled brown shells, was detected in 2022. Credit: Craig Pittman. Thompson, F.G. 1979. Length of shell up to 5 mm. Spilochlamys is most similar to the next genus, Cincinnatia, from which its shell usually differs by having a more deeply impressed suture, more strongly shouldered whorls, and a wider umbilical perforation. It is represented in North America by Viviparus. Physid species have similar and superficially featureless, variable shells, and the shell is imprecise for identifying most genera and many species. After a few years in storage glandular tissues in the female reproductive system deteriorate, and the process gradually spreads to destroy all but the terminal genital structures. Formalin does not even serve as a good fixative or preservative for long-term anatomical studies. Littoridinops palustris 24, 27). Three species in Florida were introduced from Southeast Asia. Define Invasive Species: must have ALL of the following -. Thiarids are ecologically significant because they tend to replace native snails where they are introduced and because of their abundance. 57). Last whorl not shouldered (Figs.155, 156). 109a, 109b). Shell generally thin but strong; whorls of spire strongly convex with deep suture (Figs. 81). Our state park system has won national awards . 51, 52). Inferior crest usually present. Nuclear whorl slightly protruding, 0.29-0.41 mm in diameter transverse to initial suture. 124). All snails in the subfamily Achatininae, including the giant African snail (GAS) (Lissachatina fulica), are regulated plant pests. 132). Elimia buffyae Shell ovate in shape, about 1.2-1.5 times as high as wide. Floridobia ponderosa The Pleuroceridae of the Atlantic Coastal Plain. Proc. Operculum calcareous with two pegs on inner surface (Figs. The greatest diversity of genera and species is in the Indo-Australian region. Lioplax pilsbryi pilsbryi The manual treats only those genera that occur in freshwater. Malacological Review, 19: 85-86. 1, 2). Occasional Papers on Mollusks, 2: 261-87. The island apple snail is the largest of the known species in Florida with shell sizes up to five inches in length. Viviparus georgianus One species, C. chinensis malleatus (Reeve, 1863) (Fig. One species occurs naturally in Florida, and three others have been introduced. There have been introductions of this species into Argentina, the Atlantic Islands, Australia, Chile, Haiti, Mexico, New Zealand, and . 91). Gray to brownish-yellow in color. Floridobia vanhyningi 116a, 116b). Their color varies from red-orange, to pink, to a blue purple. Shell usually large, about 12-16 mm long. 77-79). dalli Planorbis alabamensis and dilatatus in the Floridian Pliocene. Outer lip straightened just below shoulder; straightened portion lying at an angle to axis of shell (Figs. Operculum paleomelanian, with a large sub-centrally located nucleus (Fig. Shell nearly smooth, sculptured with irregularly spaced incremental striations (Figs. Wekiwa Hydrobe (Lea, 1842). 68); lobe and flagellum with various patterns of dermal glands; central tooth of radula with basocones located on reflected margin of tooth (Fig. Ancylid gastropods are small, fragile limpets found in most freshwater habitats. The reader may be troubled by the imprecise shell characteristics that are used in the key. Adult shell about 4-5 mm high; umbilicus wide; columellar margin of the aperture concave in outline (Fig. This causes problems in species identification and yield an undermeasure of the actual number of species that exist in nature. 141). Subspecies bear the same name as the nominate subspecies, as is consistent with the standard used by the American Fisheries Society for fishes, and by other societies for other classes of animals. Apical whorls pointed and raised, but not scalariform. 81-83). Shaggy Ghostsnail Spiral angulation on whorls sharp and prominent in juveniles, usually becoming convex-rounded or smooth on last whorl in adults. 55). 16, 29). Medium- to large-sized tropical freshwater snails. Last few whorls in large adults scalariform. Shell with prominent ribs and spiral chords on all whorls. (Fmr.) Additional surveys found four different populations all associated with the CSX railways. Aperture broadly ovate. 35). Seminole Siltsnail
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