State: IL OTHER State: CA Additional Detail: Last Name: Duclos State: OH Published Misconduct: Criminal Disposition - Sexual Misconduct And in his case, he at least bet for his team unlike most racing infractions that are the result of someone trying not to win. Mr. Sowers did come out where clearance didn't exist approaching 7/8th pole while driving DREAMFAIR FANTASY. Pelling, in just his fourth year of driving, has opened 2023 with wins in nearly 26 percent of his 62 starts at Freehold Raceway. Additional Detail: Last Name: Wilson Additional Detail: Last Name: Woody First Name: Terrance Action Taken: Ineligible Additional Detail: Last Name: Rachal M on 12/9/2022 FINED: $500 Published Misconduct: Criminal Disposition - involving a Minor Fines/Suspensions Approved Sulkies Sulky Failure Report Delinquent USTA Licenses Legislative Tool Kit . Mr. Athearn did fail to drive as programmed. State: CA Action Taken: Ineligible First-time and/or apologetic offenders can expect a standard $15,000 fine for criticizing the officials. If you would like more information please contact our licensing department at michele.kopiec@ustrotting.com or by phone at 877-800-USTA ext. But it was deemed serious enough to be categorized as an extremely rare unsatisfactory drive due to lack of effort. Like any other sport, harness racing plays referee to its participants and assesses fines and suspensions routinely based on a myriad of different violations, most of which border on the minor side of things. State: OH, KY Last Name: Martire* Published Misconduct: Criminal Disposition State: KY Published Misconduct: (Subject to appeal / not yet final); Criminal Disposition - involving a minor; Criminal Disposition - Sexual Misconduct First Name: Herbert Russell Action Taken: Ineligible Published Misconduct: Allegations of Misconduct POSITIVE TEST- POST RACE Published Misconduct: Criminal Disposition Action Taken: Ineligible Suspended or Ineligible Individuals. Published Misconduct: Criminal Disposition - Sexual Misconduct Published Misconduct: Allegations of Misconduct IMPEDING THE PROGRESS OF ANOTHER HORSE. Mr. Switzer did fail to keep a rein in each hand while driving I`LLCALLYOULATER USTA monitors these matters on a regular basis and will update the status as information becomes available. POSITIVE TEST- POST RACE November 25 - December 1, 2022. State: FL Action Taken: Ineligible Strong Free For Allers to battle at Yonkers, Young stallions lesser known but valuable, $463,000 supplemental payment to SOA of NY horsemen. Published Misconduct: Criminal Disposition - involving a Minor First Name: Aaron Published Misconduct: Criminal Disposition - Sexual Misconduct, Criminal Disposition - involving a Minor First Name: Sayed But what happens when horseplayers cease to bet on a product because of dwindling confidence; how much longer then will lawmakers still support harness racing? Fines and Suspensions Archives. State: TX Additional Detail: Last Name: Rouse The infraction was categorized as Unsatisfactory drive Lack of effort. Published Misconduct: Criminal Disposition - Sexual Misconduct, Criminal Disposition - involving a Minor EXCESSIVE OR INDISCRIMINATE USE OF WHIP Published Misconduct: Allegations of Misconduct Published Misconduct: Criminal Disposition - Sexual Misconduct, Criminal Disposition - involving a Minor SUBSCRIBE NOW TO HARNESS RACING UPDATE FOR FREE, DOWNLOAD THE MOST RECENT EDITION OF HARNESS RACING UPDATE, Lack of effort drives should draw much harsher penalties. Action Taken: Ineligible State: NY State: CT KICKING A HORSE, MILLER, ELSON L LAGRANGE, IN YOB 2001 Additional Detail: Last Name: Huskey Disclaimers Published Misconduct: Criminal Disposition - involving a Minor Deserving heavy favorites who duck at the start or who elect to sit fourth on the rail instead of pulling only to then close in 25 seconds and miss by a length comes with the territory of betting the races. Additional Detail: Last Name: Joyner Fines/Suspensions Approved Sulkies Sulky Failure Report Delinquent USTA Licenses . There is also one trainer suspended indefinitely for an illegal substance test and he is a repeat offender. DD on 1/3/2023 FINED: $100, HORSE PLACED 8 Muscle Mountain a possibility for Yonkers International Trot? Please note that the following action is in an abbreviated form and that the USTA is not responsible for the accuracy or timeliness of reported penalties. First Name: David Haw on 9/4/2022 RESTORED TO GOOD STANDING(RES) AS OF 1/3/2023 Meadowlands 2022 stakes details and information released, Fines and Suspensions for the week of December 31, 2021, Michele Kopiec, USTA Racetrack Operations & Licensing Manager, Bourbans Best sings a winning swan song Thursday at MGM Northfield Park, Meadowlands 2022 stakes details and information released. Racing (Entries/Results) Racing Home Entries/Results TrackMaster Race Programs . State: FL Action Taken: Temporary Suspension Following this race, TUXEDO BAY was required to submit blood sample for analysis. The following fines and suspensions includes information provided to Standardbred Canada by provincial racing commissions. First Name: Benjamin Action Taken: Temporary Suspension PENALTY BOX - 2021. His suspension is hereby lifted as of Friday, December 30, 2022 and he is restored to good standing. Action Taken: Ineligible For fines, suspensions and rulings from other North American jurisdictions, visit theUSTA. State: NJ Published Misconduct: Criminal Disposition - involving a Minor First Name: Jason Additional Detail: Last Name: Hunter First Name: Dale This list also contains individuals who have been reported for Sexual Misconduct as defined in theU.S.Center for SafeSport Code, but who fall outside of the jurisdiction of the USTAand/or the U.S. Center for SafeSport and such report has been verified through publicly available records. State: CA This website will list only fines and suspensions issued within the preceding 12 month period. Previous Article ANNUNZIATA, MICHAEL MAHOPAC, NY YOB 1977 - Fri. 8 A.M. - 4:30 P.M. EST . Click on home page icons or topics in the information drop down menu for more information. Last Name: Mitchell Published Misconduct: Criminal Disposition - Sexual Misconduct, Criminal Disposition - involving a Minor Your Admin status expires in$(daysToExpire) days! Action Taken: Ineligible Additional Detail: Last Name: Hjermstad Additional Detail: SafeSport Education. Copyright 2002-2022 by State: GA Action Taken: Ineligible Published Misconduct: Sexual Misconduct, Sexual Misconduct - involving a Minor State: CA DTN on 12/29/2022 FINED: $200, HORSE PLACED 8 Additional Detail: Last Name: Natale Having waived his right to a hearing before the Board of Judges driver Ernie Hendry is hereby issued a driving suspension for a period of five (5) New Jersey Racing days and fined the sum of five hundred ($500.00) dollars. rule 13:71-20.15(b)6. Additional Detail: Last Name: Bettuo Further information may be available by contacting the racing commission where the ruling was issued to determine the accuracy of the information. Only in the closing stages once App Hanover is finally passed and, on the wire, does Kreiser then elect to hopelessly flick the whip. First Name: Normandie welting as reported by state vet, Mr. White did use profane and offensive language towards track employee Action Taken: Ineligible First Name: Carl State: Additional Detail: 2 year probation upon return to sport, No Contact Directive(s), SafeSport Education. First Name: Brian By accessing thisinformation, you agree to and accept theUSTAs terms of use. Additional Detail: Last Name: Burgos Published Misconduct: Criminal Disposition - Sexual Misconduct Additional Detail: No Contact Directive(s), Education. Help us better understand the makeup of our tennis community. Fines/Suspensions Approved Sulkies Sulky Failure Report Delinquent USTA Licenses . Additional Detail: Last Name: Kistulentz Additional Detail: Last Name: Scandalis Additional Detail: Last Name: Aranda Villalba State: CA At 2, winner International Stallion S., leg Kentucky Sires S. - A at Lexington (2), Kentucky Fair S. at Mayfield (2), Kentucky Fair S. at Lebanon, Lebanon, Lexington, Final Kentucky Fair S. at Lexington; second in Bluegrass S. At 3, winner leg Kentucky Sires S. - Champ. Muscle Mountain a possibility for Yonkers International Trot? State: OH State: MN That may mean stiffer penalties to rule breakers, but itll ultimately be a necessity for racing to continue on. FAILURE TO OBTAIN PROPER LICENSE Action Taken: Ineligible Action Taken: Ineligible Two minor positives, one for Tranexamic Acid and one for Gabapentin, lead the way from this past weeks harness racing fines and suspensions from the USTA. First Name: Kevin PA Title7-203.11(e) Mr. George failed to complete his licensing requirements for 2022. First Name: William Published Misconduct: Allegations of Misconduct CHANGING COURSE/CAUSING INTERFERENCE, BROWN, BRADY SLIPPERY ROCK, PA YOB 1993 First Name: James Mr. Mosher did have his left foot out at the top of the stretch while driving SUPREME MACH N in race 8. Action Taken: Permanently Ineligible Action Taken: Permanently Ineligible Mr. Switzer did kick his horse for most of the stretch run. Published Misconduct: Criminal Disposition - involving a Minor Prior to applying for a 2023 Driver/Trainer License in Massachusetts Mr. Sodano must meet with the Judges at Plainridge Park. Published Misconduct: Sexual Harassment; Abuse of Process Additional Detail: No Contact Directive(s). Published Misconduct: Sexual Misconduct - involving Minors Kreiser is seen kicking out the plugs on the backstretch and then carries his lead turning for home as a couple horses challenge to his outside. Action Taken: Permanent Ineligibility The fact that there is no separate action taken by the USTA in the form of a ruling of reciprocity shall not be construed as a failure to recognize and/or reciprocate with these published penalties. Published Misconduct: Criminal Disposition - involving a Minor Additional Detail: Last Name: Kim Throughout the stretch drive, App Hanover maintained his lead with Kreiser sitting motionless and if anything, it at least appears Kreiser tries to slow the progress of App Hanover. M on 6/3/2022 FINED: $500, FULL 15 DAYS, 12/26/2022 THRU 1/9/2023, HORSE DISQUALIFIED, PURSE REDISTRIBUTION Having failed to complete 2022 IRB licensing requirements (submit fingerprints), the owner`s license of Sara Haynes is hereby suspended. Published Misconduct: Criminal Disposition - involving a minor; Criminal Disposition - Sexual Misconduct Haw on 11/2/2022 RESTORED TO GOOD STANDING(RES) AS OF 12/28/2022 Additional Detail: Last Name: Callaghan First Name: Hasheem pages or the information as presented or displayed without the written consent of the owner is State: HI Please try logging back in or call customer support at 1-800-990-8782 for assistance. Action Taken: Ineligible It is the policy of Standardbred Canada to record the results of unsuccessful appeals upon receiving notice thereof from the Provincial Racing Commission with which an appeal is filed. Harnesslink.com is the only harness racing website dedicated to covering news and events in the Standardbred Industry world-wide. Cuatro De Julio stands his first season in 2023. Last Name: Baldogo Published Misconduct: Criminal Disposition - Sexual Misconduct, Criminal Disposition - involving a Minor Last Name: Kuo First Name: Robert "Bob" Something went wrong. This information is in an abbreviated form. First Name: James Bartholomew prohibited. First Name: Doug CalX on 12/26/2022 FINED: $100 Published Misconduct: Criminal Disposition - involving a Minor language. State: NV Fhld on 11/25/2022 FINED: $500 First Name: Hector Andres Published Misconduct: Criminal Disposition - Sexual Misconduct, Criminal Disposition - involving a Minor First Name: Timothy All rights reserved. The USTA assumes no liability for errors or omission. State: CA Jack Pelling is in no great rush to be a top harness racing driver, but is certainly happy with where his deliberate pace has brought him at this point. The USTA assumes no liability for errors or omission. State: CA Action Taken: Temporary Suspension Strong Free For Allers to battle at Yonkers, Young stallions lesser known but valuable. Action Taken: Ineligible First Name: Leroy | More Information NEED HELP? This bulletin reports actions that have been taken by the USTA and rulings as submitted by the various racing commissions in an abbreviated form; we are not responsible for the accuracy or timeliness of such information. FAILURE TO HONOR DECLARATION, BERRY, PATRICK D HARRINGTON, DE YOB 1976 All reported rulings, current and past, may be found by using Pathway, the USTAs official database. State: CA min average 10 starts per month. First Name: Jeremy State: FL First Name: Donavan The individuals below are subject to measures imposed by the United States Tennis Association Incorporated (USTA) and/or the U.S. Center for SafeSport pursuant to its authority under the Bylaws of the United States Olympic & Paralympic Committee, the Protecting Young Victims from Sexual Abuse and SafeSport . Contact Us Published Misconduct: Criminal Disposition - Sexual Misconduct, Criminal Disposition - involving a Minor First Name: Djori Action Taken: Permanent Ineligibility The USTA assumes no liability for errors or omission. Additional Detail: Last Name: Koprivica First Name: Stephen Action Taken: Ineligible CCE Solutions Action Taken: Temporary Suspension First Name: Victor Action Taken: Permanently Ineligible First Name: Stoyan First Name: Casey USTA Top Performers - U.S. Trotting Racing Home > Top Performers > driver TOP PERFORMERS IN 2021 Drivers/Trainers Click on a link below to see the top 50 Drivers/Trainers in that category. Masks are still mandatory (at least medical mouth . PRc on 11/17/2022 RESTORED TO GOOD STANDING(RES) AS OF 12/31/2022 State: CA Action Taken: Ineligible MVR on 1/2/2023 FINED: $100, HORSE PLACED 10 State: MD OTHER To send a clear message that racing does not tolerate conduct detrimental to the sport, any instance in general that could be categorized as a driver not winning with an opportunity to do so should be met with an automatic one-year suspension for a first-time offender. USTA POSTED FINES AND SUSPENSIONS FOR FRIDAY, DECEMBER 30, 2022 THURSDAY, JANUARY 5, 2023. Status as of 12/28/2022 Subsequent Ruling Having submitted valid fingerprints, OT-D Walter Haynes, Jr. is hereby restored to good standing in the state of Illinois. Last Name: Booth Additional Detail: Last Name: Garin Only North American racing statistics are shown, with all earnings expressed in US currency. Published Misconduct: Criminal Disposition - Sexual Misconduct Additional Detail: Last Name: O'Neill racing. Please check your entries and try again. Your Membership Expires in $(daysToExpire) days! Additional Detail: Last Name: Hill* DTN on 12/30/2022 FINED: $750, DRIVING 5 DAYS, 1/8/2023 THRU 1/12/2023 Published Misconduct: Criminal Disposition - Sexual Misconduct, Criminal Disposition - involving a Minor This bulletinreports actions that have been taken by the USTA and rulings as submitted by the various racing commissions in an abbreviated form; we are not responsible for the accuracy or timeliness of such information. Additional Detail: Last Name: Zellefrow CalX on 12/26/2022 FINED: $50 HAYNES, WALTER E JR ALEXANDRIA, IN YOB 1965 If what is described in the USTA ruling is factually accurate, then what other reaction could one possibly have? Having failed to complete 2022 IRB licensing requirements (submit fingerprints), the owner`s license of Kristen Pye is hereby suspended. Additional Detail: No Contact Directive(s). Published Misconduct: Criminal Disposition First Name: Shawn Additional Detail: Last Name: Fragodt Mea on 12/30/2022 FINED: $200 Current Horse Suspensions for Positive Tests Outstanding as of March 4, 2023. January 6 - January 12, 2023. Home > Stallion Showcase > Cuatro De Julio. First Name: George Action Taken: Ineligible INSIDE THE EURO RAIL / PYLON VIOLATION, MVR on 1/4/2023 FINED: $200 Published Misconduct: Criminal Disposition - involving a Minor, Criminal Disposition - Sexual Misconduct Action Taken: Suspension until September 2, 2023 22 Penske Racing NASCAR Sprint Cup Series teams. Additional Detail: Last Name: McGown PcD on 4/26/2022 FINED: $50, RESTORED TO GOOD STANDING(RES) AS OF 12/30/2022 New Jersey Racing Commission (NJRC) licensee, Scott DiDomenico was the programmed trainer of the horse Turbochargedpete when it competed in the 10th race at Freehold Raceway on Saturday, November 19, 2022; The horse Turbochargedpete finished 2nd in the 10th race on November 19, 2022; Following its performance in the 10th race at Freehold Raceway on November 19, 2022, the horse Turbochargedpete was selected to submit blood and urine samples for analysis; The urine sample collected from the horse, Turbochargedpete, on November 19, 2022 identified the presence of the prohibited substances Oxymorphone and Noroxycodone at a level of 8.3 ng/mL; The fine associated with this ruling muat be paid by January 8, 2023. For a list of archived bulletins, click here. Additional Detail: Last Name: Anastassov OTHER First Name: Theodore January 13 - January19, 2023. State: TX United States Trotting Association 6130 S. Sunbury Rd., Westerville, Ohio 43081 1-877-800-USTA Mon. First Name: Colin First Name: Olaf Steward/Program Supervisor which included implicit and threatening O.S.R.C.-3769-17-17(I) 17-99 If the fine is not paid to the judge by 1/13/23 he shall be suspended. First Name: Mark State: FL - Fri. 8 A.M. - 4:30 P.M. EST Action Taken: Ineligible WHIPPING OUT OF CONTENTION How rare is a lack of effort violation in the U.S.? Additional Detail: Last Name: Thomas-Riley The United States Trotting Association assumes no liability for errors or omissions. To compound matters, the incident came in Pennsylvania, right at a time where there are discussions of redirecting the funds currently afforded to the states racing industry. Additional Detail: Last Name: Maynor* IMPEDING THE PROGRESS OF ANOTHER HORSE, IRVINE, BRAD D MOUNTAINTOP, PA YOB 1971 another horse; finished 2nd placed 4th, Mr. McGee did take up abruptly/sit down in front of horses causing First Name: Michael INAPPROPRIATE USE OF THE WHIP Breeders Crown at Meadowlands; second in Kentucky Futy., Final Kentucky Sires S. - Champ. State: MD For full ruling text, or if you have questions or concerns about the information found in this report, please contact the racing commission where the ruling was issued. Admittedly, the description of what I saw is coming from someone whos never driven in a single harness race before, so maybe I have it all wrong. Published Misconduct: (Subject to appeal / not yet final); Criminal Disposition - Sexual Misconduct; Criminal Disposition - involving a minor finished 2nd was placed 3rd. Additional Detail: Last Name: Copeland Action Taken: Permanent Ineligibility State: IN Additional Detail: Last Name: Connaway Harness Racing - USTA My Account - United States Trotting Association Online Services and Account Management Apply for/Renew your USTA Membership Apply for/Renew your driver-trainer license Activate a horse's electronic eligibility Add funds to your Pathway* account Online Horse Entry Subscribe to/Manage your Hoof Beats Magazine subscription This bulletinreports actions that have been taken by the USTA and rulings as submitted by the various racing commissions in an abbreviated form; we are not responsible for the accuracy or timeliness of such information. Additional Detail: Last Name: Dalton While driving #5 BAD MEDICINE in the 10th race at Freehold Raceway, Friday, November 25, 2022, driver Ernie Hendry did strike #5 BAD MEDICINE with his driving whip after the finish. Additional Detail. Additional Detail: Last Name: Becker Published Misconduct: Criminal Disposition - involving a Minor State: TX, MN State: NM If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. The urine sample collected from the horse Paloma Ruiz on February 4, 2022 identified the presence of the prohibited substances Oxymorphone, Oxycodone and Noroxycodone at a level of 3.0ng/mL and 0.057ng/mL and 0.333ng/mL respectively; The presence of Oxymorphone, Oxycodone and Noroxycodone in the horse Paloma Ruiz on February 4, 2022 is in direct violation of NJRC rule N.J.A.C. Action Taken: On Probation for 2 years upon return to sport Any fine. Additional Detail: Last Name: Koetter 2021 Harnesslink | All Rights Reserved |. (b) Notice of penalty.Written or printed notice of all fines and other penalties imposed by the judges or starter shall be delivered to the person penalized, notice shall be posted immediately at the office of the association, and notice shall be forwarded immediately to the commission and the United States trotting association by the presiding judge or clerk of the course. PART ONE The following action has been taken by the United States Trotting Association. Viewrulingsposted at Standardbred Canada. State: CA Additional Detail: Last Name: Love First Name: Pete Mea on 12/30/2022 FINED: $200 Last Name: Spencer State: PA View Fines and Suspensions for the week of March 3, 2023as reported to the USTA by racing commissions in the United States. State: South Africa State: FL State: NY Nfld on 11/19/2022 INDEFINITE SUSPENSION(IND) AS OF 1/3/2023 Action Taken: Ineligible State: MN MR on 12/27/2022 FINED: $250 Additional Detail: Last Name: Vader* First Name: Vincent All reported rulings, current and past, may be found by usingPathway, the USTAs official database. Published Misconduct: Allegations of Misconduct Mr. Sowers Published Misconduct: Allegations of Misconduct Additional Detail: Last Name: Black DD on 1/2/2023 FINED: $300, HORSE PLACED 2 Published Misconduct: Criminal Disposition - involving a Minor State: AR The only other incident I recall that at least visually looked as bad was from a different driver at Dover nine years ago. First Name: Kenneth First Name: Anibal Fhld on 2/4/2022 FINED: $1,000, FULL 7 DAYS, 2/3/2023 THRU 2/9/2023, HORSE DISQUALIFIED, PURSE REDISTRIBUTION To help combat integrity concerns and in the process gain confidence from existing and potentially new horseplayers, harness racing needs to run a clean product. View the rulings and weekly United States Trotting Association fines and suspension bulletins for free. Action Taken: Ineligible But what you cant do is somehow not win when it appears completely inevitable that youre about to do so. horse to break, Mr. Deslandes did leave visible welt from whipping, Mr. Mosher did go inside the pylons at the head of the stretch, Mr. Girouard did fail to keep a line in each hand, Mr. Butterfield did use the whip excessively, Mr. Asher-Stalbaum did lay back in the sulky, Mr. Watson did have his foot out of the stirrup in the stretch, Mr. Long did fail to drive when programmed - Five instances, Mr. Merrill did make a late driver change, Mr. Athearn did change course in the stretch causing interference, Mr. Deslandes did have his foot out of the stirrup in the stretch, Mr. Sowers did fail to keep a line in each hand, Mr. Deslandes did use the whip excessively, causing visible injury, Mr. Merrill did use the the whip excessively, Mr. Sowers did cause interference in the stretch causing interference, Mr. Athearn did go inside the pylons in the stretch run, Mr. Whittemore was late to the lasix barn, Mr. Richardson did cause interference in the first turn causing another View rulingsposted at Standardbred Canada. Additional Detail: Last Name: McClain First Name: Rafael Additional Detail: Last Name: Halstead The USTA's Internet-based computer database is your source for complete and official data on Standardbred racing, breeding, and data on the individuals who drive, train, own, . PA Code Title 7-205.409(c) While driving No. Additional Detail: Last Name: Dorsher State: MN First Name: Dennis FAILURE TO KEEP BOTH FEET IN THE STIRRUPS, MILLER, BRETT A BLACKLICK, OH YOB 1973 Additional Detail: No Contact Directive, SafeSport Education. Standardbred Canada assumes no liability for errors or omissions. (1:50.1) in the HambletonianMuscle Hill was also a Dan Patch Award winner in 2008 as harness racing's top 2-year-oldHe finished his career with 20 wins in 21 races (the last 20 victories in a row) and $3.27 million in pursesMuscle Hill's $2.45 . PA Code Title 7-205.409(c) While driving No. Additional Detail: Last Name: Carey First Name: Niles Published Misconduct: Criminal Disposition - involving a Minor This information is collected and posted by Standardbred Canada. First Name: Collins 205 CMR 3.00. Published Misconduct: Allegations of Misconduct Haw on 11/2/2022 RESTORED TO GOOD STANDING(RES) AS OF 12/20/2022 SMITH, JEREMY R WASHINGTON CH, OH YOB 1980 Published Misconduct: Sexual Misconduct, Sexual Harassment Additional Detail: Last Name: Amir Published Misconduct: Allegations of Misconduct This bulletin reports actions that have been taken by the USTA and rulings as submitted by the various racing commissions in an abbreviated form; we are not responsible for the accuracy or timeliness of such information. First Name: Patrick FAILURE TO HAVE HORSE PROPERLY EQUIPPED, REYNOLDS, KEVIN L JR. SHICKSHINNY, PA YOB 1987 13:71-23.1; Payment of the fine associated with this ruling must be received by the NJRC on or before February 7, 2023. Your Safe Play Approval Expires in $(daysToExpire) days! Published Misconduct: Criminal Disposition - Sexual Misconduct, Criminal Disposition - involving a Minor OSRC 3769-17-17-B,C & L. While driving ##5 Soho Wallstreet A at the top of the stretch in race 1 on 12/30/22 at Dayton Raceway, Mr. Smith did whip the horse using other than wrist and elbow action, and also in an indiscriminate and exaggerated manner, (3rd offense).