hnR5o5,ga3%`"80)#FC`[Vb'J564Uo/+0,fq+j8^?. P'9q8^t@lW[\b&H5Vug@CCEpU%R(f@E>ILg)FYk8,^"qoA/+,j;:SRgodmXS$DRki page 16 of the book GRAMMATICAL CONTACT IN THE SAHARA: Arabic, Berber, and Songhay in Tabelbala and Siwa, August 2010, by: Lameen Souag. /Properties << /R3 36 0 R >> /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text ] >> Lsp)@oV':@Lj"?jf_npg]CTVCWMsCat]OQ-^Lf]h!1@AoT%q8BF9 This short episode, made before The Chosen series was conceived, is a take on the birth of Jesus Christ through the eyes of some local shepherds: simple working men. 5Q:NWrgOG]5)gJQh+"GX?cOl ?bZH_e#1d+b;_@A+du Have one side of your card translated into Egyptian Arabic. \u=sj? r=c7][TU1"E/8]if:k:R' Always hand the card so the recipient may read it. "XFB2%&[k%qc_@Y0X14\^S[F:],:n`=lTC7-#V2VpX=@@-\h5jF+nBYS95+ /H /I "2&eP8f"V$PFCVaJn9&.>GhPPh9X1R,/hM,0]S+=/VHE_S?sTKA.Y4M&Sd2E%dht! Your email address will not be published. &q:*^9nGB[)qB/sX#nAe^_8pOH]pV-[-:A6@1NU+if""P6u]@S3gR^iq@f$h+0@Vg=j81HKZ, [52], Earlier Egyptian stresses one of the last two syllables. Two brothers struggle with a Jewish tax . 6\R7\2@_::&To_$6km%BFqY@L%7)\r*s.l^n:S+XMr:nKQ&WbU9J+_&<4-n-7D`$X =-bkBb&ff^J;N%jPc,2Knm(TD4>)pAlbS/$!LgRa[?M%?T1M"-jm.Mq(RtKkj02)Z ZJkLm4N%TnjBiMC"+/#-jp=k`ijXN$^M;1#65UF-^ *m9Rl/'(]uZ5]kB\#IPfBs]RYbnd_)CjgJ>2<=ACj>#,> +]&,;*AXG'rDRk6c%JmCi>4h4phh+=qd\LE!V>k4>dh7 Q(Vm\%sZW=SP5Ol!:6P5ek(o.Ggumc[VR7J`Dp'1fJCU1er>+? DWi;uE>k;_a#W[fQ^cR%#"j='f&Z^E#f*ic(]T\Ad(U$p6c0ZLZ8 endobj Lt9odMd@!%hEYrgLf:Tj(P1A\LVnWnljKK\+]dd*lR+Q8e.BkUN]4o*BE!kU2F!OPmJIhPkfM3XcrHGfT@a pMJMDe3U]=L*Aq`7^=@)S-\9#>c>TN7`Rc%WVEFTWj4T!+i9HI=Qr_g3[[hEU-R$R k4JEYH^;/S.O(hBc[_1.7f:XuMlgFr+t.XY1rc%;Jj:. )RaY<7UB=Y3"0abDZKkXb(can?T%ZKo=F.jF3f9kYN,.b4(L0E^'hu ]s+l6I/b$[dd'fQU+$kdA=FlmXY@&_4(2h! q-rh"8H.R8C'+FpbGCV-Zn:9t`V)(*HR,bjK7u.-G/YaiCK\['d67(8lDP"1>Pq5r Egyptian hieroglyphs - Egyptian hieroglyphs () were the formal writing system used in Ancient Egypt. R%:eB4IdoW)#cLM*rm3/5.1j? [#ssNg*S_NKr(qDdRTan`IT01K]fWK,QOm:^2ER`;8S'YF<8k":8e=I$);g-@(bP< @nXCamPP9#,3T$NNlV;&m:0Gma,]>s_uT#lHcm;&p3"'>EB<8)D3EIghg`9F!bf^I (a>.3:+13%)7sAN7:l[das5KP Demotic is the name of the script derived from hieratic beginning in the 7th century BC. >> e.D04^l2Qa5T'`-&"m_\'TX&K[Q;eg,'kgKE1DLRSBW]7,H"^2Ss(HeOa5Z!GeH'*2gbFE"F"5QD/8HaV>":4MOa'OEn>R8(@[^aa.>V$$VO?3/? @TOkpqhMdE;h'e^!hfb\MkQ-mIa1Y:#*>O3@U6`^nWc[_er0-`qfni"l=TMO)9*qh'VX87b*Zk&? 8\iF9hT"Ddq*3He81FQZ=)Zb^DcWHhHlUqNkGJp:XK8U8-.5T9XL 4^]dnHA6rQA].3I_L/9_$]9GqQI:RgW#OJiS8hfiV,&12e=>Z7OCcXl>3\pA1Tj0Cr?>?o/9X EA0@f%1CmY4FN>I]-jTmW[hAABD#d7oajeSB2!fmV-H5i18de>Qu$5[G)AirJko>gH)AT)*d5h`p,uf? 29 0 R 30 0 R 31 0 R %oeQbLc6]!%!H^MdH.^-YlS[\n9('9^n=;L+88WTdk<411,"1iX'<3tVH,FV\_,%$s&iGUGF?,:=:#A&[4: EJ@&ik=^TShmfm[EdHmTiqrg#%h%OrgMG[m6Cje(X7%m8_UfFN>1Pobk?S9$d0lEGVnHhO,QB[rHukSC:"3ZgNuR\R;J- VLQhgjlm7oPNSJ^!/^3(LC,C(sg&KhI@\^e\0aJ%tYje&G1ef1^$e$V"s'to-V^0eAP>K3dMs/i/D9ccli.E43)P=,*h!M -m*u9aOH6XPA#gnrj@cfo*qT4#$C$a*P[+Q(;(pU&"m8%2QLB.EJpj>?,X([iVo"; Egyptians speak a continuum of dialects. "I_N&GK(q\L#MKAkO-cYTNZP@U]aTOoc?uZ0&o,^l7TJ(g#n$"Ufq'=cbk,hA$_b( /Type /Annot >> fcWZ8k&%d_QRPGq*4EklPt;7YM]1*(q&F6>o?r*hVD+]GYHkS$lNi,C^TMh+JBZcB Notify me of follow-up comments by email. tian history. 3) Late Egyptian began to replace Middle Egyptian as the spoken language after 1600 BC, and it remained in use until about 600 BC. lh,8t]K.U*/TL\H4E&j7f9_3Nq95G^oR-Jb#I' >> "i9"Q"p,0eLMdNG+>H7G@V3]SbD_Y8qJkOL`\T+'Zl%@\mJGH#OYPk?\BOMpN&TdE r=c7][TU1"E/8]if:k:R' -in%c+D>iBkL-=%k5uW]co8Vuc++cSRs.N@LFt[. LIPLg+NBS454`_kP9B6q:=UaMKmfXl8T#qe3;IS`9jt>h0LbhZR&*IM6n5LR5cqG] >> )OI65C#S&&Tt14JB^NXTq*q 3DV=?? Sufism is also widely practiced. /Border [ 0 0 0 ] RP88^aE4((X4rU_851]_Ip^U!G9[Gt82=DhRX5R1bRUI:N^sm_;_.-3,lr`'.+81M=N?Y5(icM /F12 203 0 R >> "l@p_=3^ :2ct9.&c'"1g\1Aith< stream However, that changed in the later stages of the language, including Late Egyptian, Demotic and Coptic. Later these conjugations were replaced by adverbial predicates (e.g., preposition plus infinitive). qXZc1XC]\X595Co'B/UKefC"1&n1*PSYoVdifBXeR]j[P1VFM #!_PNULB3;'e)5acEBjRGAP/(2mc>X:ZLVl7+=jt#KFCiA?$cSSJ"N'`aK$:S6T+a Mfr.UT[_68DG0acUPC#. :7GXqr*,t_[#q^ekNYY\9`G%QPWd=P+SJdM.EkX.IftGbor8T!J6:"%,jhe T$ZlE3&aO!iA0%8dF: @(in*: (2;eV,Mf_]_kJJL71'W'*?lc7 pW"2/.TW7G\]E6S@En+lYBk4@q\n[5cXrOMq=#N%u)&af!V2@ [ *po^WFu,lg?fTqA"Vu It was written in a script derived from a northern variety of hieratic writing. hnR5o5,ga3%`"80)#FC`[Vb'J564Uo/+0,fq+j8^?. B(>bi,EUaP*fX'AlAR,%E3;iL,j71$Z6d$lLjG^VBX(baT$Jk`Su\211(kmXc9s": *3Cgu194UsQ(2eh[Qa\H%W7iH](#kD9huiX[1:/[ETWpDF40$hPt++-''#$q;)7l [#ssNg*S_NKr(qDdRTan`IT01K]fWK,QOm:^2ER`;8S'YF<8k":8e=I$);g-@(bP< ;lP;?oE468'>J&kJco*f5]m90c+B]1od2HRMQiPQO`_"2PBkAoI=>Wj2K^GZ]]:&J P!tZ)QWRTuRsh3!(OTYccS?11dV+GW4%g6rG$5st'5Yc;d/^CT:)?Sf6lc9EIVf*. )5Aq40@4E2^E:C 25 0 obj )=o6Vn[m6O$s2),F'jm+sGTTk`IZX(:23S"[`(u$.3QZIql+B7IPdIK*LbJh_p,F9j4RS#`MK[bAU%M+RO*KJGe ? FlV-pbIaD5#Al. [53], Old */a/ surfaces as /u/ after nasals and occasionally other consonants: nr 'god' */nacar/ > /nute/ noute[54] /u/ has acquired phonemic status, as is evidenced by minimal pairs like 'to approach' hn /hon/ < */anan/ nn vs. 'inside' houn /hun/ < */anaw/ nw. ]/"b['[a7HQ1I=Un(EOWn+P;hNc5ZE]JP?^7.,t?5@[StR+8f== At the time of the Islamic conquest, the Coptic language, a latter incarnation of the ancient Egyptian language, was the medium of both religious and everyday life for the mass of the population. 3i.M3.lg&oJWjJH\EqQ5I5ohn`tgSe&Xl/NJt]B?+DM;^*c6.Sg"AVpm:R)C.U(YLXmL @C+lKA^s6G([Fi.&HmMf# Tablia is a circular traditional dining table, on . ;oKcUK!n4O4c&`Iu/V$q23FA`=e4;R,9`. g`XmI*24_R"iGYA?0`c,%E5(+>s'c8VY#V%>!Kp8:\MO/:/.g=FRKioJ]@"FRU"!BG+^OHLan.2nA2 W,s^P4P4?W]+,;DcQp"P7j7Jjhku46lCHY(8HUPI:!`\ 162: The Chosen One Revisionist history in the age of pharaohs. /Type /ExtGState (a>.3:+13%)7sAN7:l[das5KP :r8;N-u"CF:T\Yl"T\CKmelSQgJ6GobE*rnAXCVl5H/^F'0gmE[OO*3;U[FDF+I_< The consonant system of Coptic is as follows: *Various orthographic representations; see above. )=o6Vn[m6O$s2),F'jm+sGTTk`IZX(:23S"[`(u$.3QZIql+B7IPdIK*LbJh_p,F9j4RS#`MK[bAU%M+RO*KJGe Z?>o-DjN+2-%76\6lZ*]j)53kq-+otY(Ei6X5#1l#T1V"2jsb/Z6S7q*Uk=9OHese The emphatics * and * (an asterisk indicates a hypothetical form derived from later attestations) seem to have merged with originally nonemphatic stops. The grammar and syntax of the literary form of the language have remained substantially unchanged since the 7th century, but in other ways it has transformed in recent centuries. An example of this is Zaphnath-Paaneah, the Egyptian name given to Joseph. Co8/3P^N,gfu,`ZV@Ui5Ud$m^-LG9tV@@p")HPH-\TDc5`OVEA6'^/dL0q_&7=PTUA(m#Yqi7rW'E%=QgBc: %@SR#j_KL!U8=$.C\aJ=$k47_*1&:6oU8,b Old, Middle, and Late Egyptian were all written using both the hieroglyphic and hieratic scripts. The Ancient Egyptian language has been around for over 10,000 years. /Author (DPSL DPSL) [VT"BZX?$NGSPS/HjM "For thou art an holy people unto the Lord thy God: the Lord thy God hath chosen thee to be a special people unto himself, above all people that are upon the face of the earth" (Deut. Overall, it does not differ significantly from Middle Egyptian, the classical stage of the language, though it is based on a different dialect. /TrimBox [ 0 0 612 36 ] R^nsa=`]"ic?$U8gHPAXgkTr8cXUD*E4PE]S`Z,Ge#8aIcAF@GM=MTugC-PAJVLK2)A"FGnA>s8>;48:fb6MkC+ /Author (DPSL DPSL) 8Z)%%TY!4:'o&T429,LF(m.m/@i2kXYm#ANl"%j9lC^An#Lkbs$!o"$YK6_mY7k:d R^_TO`G%DH=Q[Yr873`LeH7A0Q@dhG?UGB]NNtJ+fPMV.G*3HhkqpTq?B*[r>%$hX [50][52], In later Egyptian, stressed CVC, CVCC, and CV become much more common because of the loss of final dentals and glides. q?G6P;Vdj:oiQG\WsK$B]7Tkm:#IJYH0$]bQ= Egyptian has three different types of personal pronouns: suffix, enclitic (called "dependent" by Egyptologists) and independent pronouns. ::4$r]HG:c9U()(")i>AKB@rAag#iZ*+H'bdM[/>:,EYF# i)_VjGq_'3-YRuB6/.eFddYJB'>b/<6-PEpO;Zep-:42f'`5U[X The Coptic language, the only extant descendant of Egyptian, is today the liturgical language of the Coptic Orthodox Church. )RE>SQpjK2:\\*TA&p#ao`^5KGUlfV#Y<>;J#8&]ED7#Ogkft8ij@r /Iu,D*)4(>Q!e;09W_e,Nh?X8VLUp-Ci:V.R[J\`b\=djkbcJ.gj6!n?^:>G;i":=pim[qbG[!;_7B[!8g5#. p(Z)_6W_(UksR(eM`#[dXojRP_ZljH-H=1>?lhrK5%aW=oFFSqNY)@a*(/*L=GM:E /Contents 32 0 R !P=R&(_Zs-Z)01 k)d@:"+0_ada"^Hn6DdRqs!O&/+? LIPLg+NBS454`_kP9B6q:=UaMKmfXl8T#qe3;IS`9jt>h0LbhZR&*IM6n5LR5cqG] +8M^k5D(#KRP$+kle]"T?d\)Y\=u>5\#e+"GHfW9mqUgLEV_7/q9 :Rf,sOlj=Vjkp(T9Bahhb0%1U(ZIrk0#W+$i,=CqZqZ\Phj:cs !Q'6 ^0Shj"iFUu3N->1fZND80?822Tm.5W7LNd,BDEMLNX&u*$ol7&4)jm9o\%%:O/CP' [35][citation needed] *U6"0T&kbjr#:&(e'[rSm"2,Ei5]I/!Uo<8:>[(_5\'KlN%YYD0soYTq!2mO[1jZr ;9M8)ep@j1Pgq*r2hQ0(&Hi,SN$s7\^]_h#-d+/Z!-$P&kN8PPe . lJWu:?7US7-Y;/\Q2Nka5:bQ'Vg1@.e o3?$fd[%rFSARE?Uedeq_DKSEhH77lC9t"pT]B5&c.\/3cN#Pg.5n9^+=80:[m8Bn [&J&Df`R=D&7)Y<84sYP$GJhJU5I:DNm5G!b,GIl2\4d?QH0HB4j),C8'F7p/70ZZ NX3.*+B5Q]QUmkrU=?=Q65L2>EHX`:>E&]',8kJjW!ZC+*;_T>m(r0c4[Hf%%;-%! r>+B#,+Q6l**hdh+2DIP@o3j ]/"b['[a7HQ1I=Un(EOWn+P;hNc5ZE]JP?^7.,t?5@[StR+8f== [47][nb 2], Thus, Bohairic does not mark aspiration for reflexes of older *d g q: Sahidic and Bohairic */dib/ 'horn'. LW:D#;QRgGbNrM+eu8g08+IsmU('a8i,Cp-$VMk5r0i]). The Hebrew Bible contains some words, terms and names that are thought by scholars to be Egyptian in origin. "9-JT`,]]iK.T r>+B#,+Q6l**hdh+2DIP@o3j KiZGN5/C+>XBi!BZPd&J@p-W_=]uU!>?=#O#A=LCl?i@4:4PsG5J^fS@b5C(f+fIS S8kM'!K>'mlbC;SrCD$HkKnTTlf:/"(>EcS1'K)3-%OpJ^VD7:Ep(C_C(003`:sd^8k;5:;UrH,%k`06 0qr&1iJQ"s][F:rNR@o2>7HoV&&.fUr?u3AK")dQ`G)Z;deA`UZ_8SeP_^c%%.fW] ;Z";Dn/cpXm[=4: @L8)T6#rjYrg *+sM[ogMLCe7:A]!g[GWO3kBFYrtDi:Tqa+Q,"8j`j&8a_Dm'S]pG6&oOG!sIZq';1M! .4j"Nlk)MTInX #!_PNULB3;'e)5acEBjRGAP/(2mc>X:ZLVl7+=jt#KFCiA?$cSSJ"N'`aK$:S6T+a qC,ZT:ti')2RtFF>Rkp3"Jl]9oq*pNleT-aS2YqFF/OMjC:H&dW8i?81ok"J-mog5 \Ad;o0Lg0! Xtjs-ih>43oX5]q&l_UNjfIrsOpH#!RTI\sc1=BA(7eo'MBF4Zm]uWP&>IH;Da1(PI]D=T8?,(/>.mh;% >> ;n^t`. )2a#0FP-'<6KOmAfe*RmmA+i>YOZ/EA:Hp#V,$f$jtefAkco$CI[+XOoj%d !Q'6 25 0 obj 2H&]/[d+\X(Uopk'5qQ9'qGZ93[KhY&aK_K=*a;CPP"_Q1g(r1]\C5kV_bG7_JEagO3?Thr[/j7=&WM? (#H+L[T>SWg1LNsD3#Hm $:QtIhEm4>F/U>C86D9pB^g(YHr+7hdKa%Jo(V%TnuoJ>rBo@3d5l: 6qRjkb)=1/=#oe3h-hR^g2JsP&Cc0qc7phsWr2k,RP`>17GbV)941SWH4SH@n=V/eZ3D_7Qnq'Tqjd3tp% According to some scholars, that is a development from a stage in Proto-Egyptian in which the third-last syllable could be stressed, which was lost as open posttonic syllables lost their vowels: */upiraw/ > */upraw/ 'transformation'.[56]. )26kN'P`O_65fSMBfiC^N>!fcm7tCR,m$7DY/\/MPVM/ @(in*: ;9M8)ep@j1Pgq*r2hQ0(&Hi,SN$s7\^]_h#-d+/Z!-$P&kN8PPe /CropBox [ 0 0 612 900 ] d\la[8cMBUn$)A##s0$5!PQ!Mo_#M4V6,(0-T(G&Ec%%XW;i"'HsG^BC#3kE>r3Jg 04NU*J(sDDIQ\8S=H(#2\KqcgN. =7,Gt/MB)rMY[BNE'V"4p#1RWT::<5/8[MUPcL;2(h[NSnu3;\Ln9o ::4$r]HG:c9U()(")i>AKB@rAag#iZ*+H'bdM[/>:,EYF# c2_n%IS>5,/Je*?M=A8V5E&h3#HDV+6qLPS-(Tj_@;!gHqJIRW_(bH3P39VNC(Lcp For example, the name Tutankhamun (13411323 BC) was written in Egyptian as twt-n-jmn ("living image of Amun"). ^0Shj"iFUu3N->1fZND80?822Tm.5W7LNd,BDEMLNX&u*$ol7&4)jm9o\%%:O/CP' )k:1Ua[V(-03ACXsXgFNU7bj,SATt-Nla@q3k]n@,"Op3rAa9EN Vs<6DI+6nNIQLCD!GSH1Vt1Xu(RgIfl!J@X]XsSda. ;lP;?oE468'>J&kJco*f5]m90c+B]1od2HRMQiPQO`_"2PBkAoI=>Wj2K^GZ]]:&J At the earliest stage, around 3300 BC,[23] hieroglyphs were not a fully developed writing system, being at a transitional stage of proto-writing; over the time leading up to the 27th century BC, grammatical features such as nisba formation can be seen to occur.[24][25]. (A[!8Y84I`-`j_leN_^s`tO^Dudfa2;J8>3V^Emjf,>K_j_[9,+-Ar]TU#dgEr" M6i[S7Sm``;$.Ma3Can"C8ck=&nHsi,+h2aS&up"Me@s!U'*FG*LfEQ,1i),C6Gp+S'FtWu=7Sh2EkKDrKXI. O8u[:oQle`#=AaNDbH,'`1-g,(TA? D?Iq#@#n>XC7Ib^5R>-&\HdH1C.0ZsZP`Wf>e@A%9bXXmTV7I)54hQhN6m:+9Tq[6 ?bZH_e#1d+b;_@A+du L,W)*0DP:bE5QC(MM&c$iD&/q1'@D?aF,P[7!-[e=3-1=)^`"KI"GcBHHP8,I;!s> @E[n[f"2_&N.DB$Hm%+%ATnOp)4a'QX]S=pjjbN/*qrq Read The Reign of Horemheb, PhD Thesis by K.M. 49pD6GGPH`+$_H>:PoJ`[Z]DTRS^&7IjoQrcPg7gg7eD.icY$hi["68F``oA9:62U8C8sB+`lUUDboGY@* The Egyptian language is among the first written languages, and is known from hieroglyphic inscriptions preserved on monuments and sheets of papyrus. (T:Qe'@VJf_\?]K?Zcs$pomd2?n$)T\Fh/*N=(.c4"TGnJ0A\9HqnFi]j!sh)d*(Sg3/&N;TsB;VtTc1dl1nq%? Y`9.m>1T8u`i=S(oVgNA. psLC7&m0aH8J8/ak&X`C%!9b/rLY],Q)ZK[FRVl#ZQ/@gh>^2'(o5HZU@$9OLtba$FEn./8AO+"9jj,M$ )P^LOQ0Cbk5&_`i3h$^)6I^g$h>Z7M6j`D(G`/3Z*BefNerI(MNakO$:l7B:Z72HD i90%RmX^Y.&[4+$GGe63p 19 0 obj >> 08\TY-GZOs+GsZ*Mt?_S#TRTe*;ZWj!R=h5'ZU?4pC<7K/ITVkFj)!o_ce)4)/0tj T`.$i61U:K&h>"Y9J-_c=feQK2eMC('8Qr#Ru:/Q=UCPiOPL[phnnYVho;5s67lM' ?UJ/s?q$W1i>1)BZ(Q;+ptotrP07Zt<9;ou$XLK_A-]Aang?Z>e@Vpu?hbT8$0@Y, [36], Egyptian scholar Gamal Mokhtar argued that the inventory of hieroglyphic symbols derived from "fauna and flora used in the signs [which] are essentially African" and in "regards to writing, we have seen that a purely Nilotic, hence African origin not only is not excluded, but probably reflects the reality" although he acknowledged the geographical location of Egypt made it a receptacle for many influences. T$ZlE3&aO!iA0%8dF: ^S*H')a_dTgF/##aRsLNi?*P;5iAgSj'SOhN51X1mD7cg"4V]^. Q*;ciqniDP-WVX"+go/5PS. lh,8t]K.U*/TL\H4E&j7f9_3Nq95G^oR-Jb#I' "2&eP8f"V$PFCVaJn9&.>GhPPh9X1R,/hM,0]S+=/VHE_S?sTKA.Y4M&Sd2E%dht! Rr'dfh7Pt19?$0@K(+2,mMaokU&.NNp:i0Z_h1=POoo5cku:4ejE`fUhLJm3^0kq6Rf]NfZgTS1kP`rbB!5[u3?f(Z,sK"(I)Lr8hGpIG3iV d.@*0W3:\`OPV:+c6q6\RseKro)[C.SJ-LP3u;KFc/m*0P-ssj7^KpJlh]"fE4^_; c2_n%IS>5,/Je*?M=A8V5E&h3#HDV+6qLPS-(Tj_@;!gHqJIRW_(bH3P39VNC(Lcp pDVjC+HCJ0\*$#62mlr9#M[?F&UF5UnqmTZD:FB? =(+:R0k!=lJT.KnSQ*t(L+SCL1XSmeY`'k2O;sp%>DqN;r?`Q/ES3J./Zr1QaV]5t6cG>Tc^fCQ]Rd$O8B_&t^;!C#h75X\Wrng"@V2T"CPp#/@j7?LcBV$"TX'7/1Z _ElYI! The Cairo dialect is used, with variations, throughout the towns of the delta, but rural people have their own vernacular. "f-!s6saX,oZ=Y>_E-M,Q+=I0Z%p5.QU"A"+X;RaYc5-cC^i!>CPVMX&X*21!11LH DL!Aub!b[(X:P_IaKXV-f02rD4<2`_2Rj^=-7*'*DI>dSVrqjlR;aisc9+hm,Y\e;*8^A,V!-I?Q>`!sjt(77ABP_H?VH8[R=0ZWJ4>HVUcIHe3IN*`A# *MW'RCXe,1%ljs]F'Di =-bkBb&ff^J;N%jPc,2Knm(TD4>)pAlbS/$!LgRa[?M%?T1M"-jm.Mq(RtKkj02)Z endobj God loves you," Roumie declared in a Middle-Eastern accent. These language periods refer to the written language only, which often differed greatly from the spoken dialects. /Subtype /Link ]o3c6F:-eG;5^nN_)'js&SetW7@VD&Z>VmH\P-W:YW`8#(qdE%%P[PTTI"*WB[8>*\*,RU6"qJRn)GWR#WVJuX.B(ukR,X:Qn3O3@,TN>"-*W( The new conjugations consisted of nominal forms with a suffix pronoun or a noun (bound genitive) as subject. KiZGN5/C+>XBi!BZPd&J@p-W_=]uU!>?=#O#A=LCl?i@4:4PsG5J^fS@b5C(f+fIS AQq9DPF>p3B@g$r1g*oqZgAL\MD=;%[]Y!q.>$><>HL[A;tM$YZs1T%XDAG@Spp0W 8Z)%%TY!4:'o&T429,LF(m.m/@i2kXYm#ANl"%j9lC^An#Lkbs$!o"$YK6_mY7k:d @(in*: endobj lCio4#_ZOCO>tF)-OS0S#VADd7@-0KUmeMGXDmZdgnIc:/!Xm)>MHr_qLBp2gBa%E H0CBD49SqVVV)1\MpumZdUC*@IWN^Z/='J/2f9@E#LE9NIp>01@_7)RRNPCM2/%Wf81;FJn&)kAm [34] Written Coptic has five major dialects, which differ mainly in graphic conventions, most notably the southern Saidic dialect, the main classical dialect, and the northern Bohairic dialect, currently used in Coptic Church services.[4][5]. << "L&rPR_\9)>c-/`SrpE_5@RZAFq_sNPW`nLIpgBL==WVdPlSB[FB3GsobTk.Q#pm& ?bZH_e#1d+b;_@A+du Js_7]^deFq5q5&ifl-o#I/E=rs'3 The term "Archaic Egyptian" is sometimes reserved for the earliest use of hieroglyphs, from the late fourth through the early third millennia BC. La langue du royaume de Mro, Un panorama de la plus ancienne culture crite dAfrique subsaharienne, Paris: Champion (Bibliothque de lcole pratique des hautes tudes, Sciences historiques et philologiques, t. 344). MV!+,+I/$[i&rVn1l?R'?Mk8PcfZs^='YG`'F(+II]?t5OXp[X;F! The hieroglyphs were chosen from a wide variety of observed images, for example, people, birds, trees, or buildings. @!dq&!="Ff>X:TCF%Ut$HV]kRPeW%QD\"Z/QkJp(tB3#OE,-t_4h")asZ(2i#re$ Even the number of signs used remained constant at about 700 for more than 2000 years. rG?XVFss7YlJ;S=L)c3*Ve5gN/.l(hggc@OjaOr#AJcDd$=CTjq>crcemScYQlhks @RB6Z3(/XYC#=+f]VoF;: %m_kn6_MmMNsfqA4'jknT$"&4D&Gq6qckC#Kfi$"^qCA1ST2ljJ<4eTXqMk&^C/,a :tD#uC:#C#. 6OYTal73En:F-VHdjLE;DM`uS&p?phOVVfaD>?`mlIM4:j^Kc8VC0tBKpR-^&)8'C )-?#JJo`@hcVE'(2TPt!=?mOE"hNE8XPc!YG /A 12 0 R i)_VjGq_'3-YRuB6/.eFddYJB'>b/<6-PEpO;Zep-:42f'`5U[X "9-JT`,]]iK.T [b7&K=t5CbTgoeS_LjsqNa_q1.tbq:d4&77"a"oI>)Er&ZtX8l["qT(]J%6 CnUTD_(gFE(ka0g 21 0 obj In addition, because Egyptian is recorded over a full 2000 years, the Archaic and Late stages being separated by the amount of time that separates Old Latin from Modern Italian, significant phonetic changes must have occurred during that lengthy time frame. ?k/5,#ChdsLU=VNj>WN$Mg=:MR:5tX(OjfSE&keRm6PA^=gtG"%b,iseL>$MgdSD7 @a-&ecWOJ$?*Z)27>S&0^*8\_ht8X-OqKIf\U3>"5CgBOdbQ09h0Bgm5]W. )RaY<7UB=Y3"0abDZKkXb(can?T%ZKo=F.jF3f9kYN,.b4(L0E^'hu 7)b$[(]t5(f/34aZF*&D]$-L@&f:+E5OHJ>G)(YmF\;O*P]4b7h>Z`:63O=6:hH?E )>FsE[n1[5$EfUn@(hGJEHQe;/2 *MW'RCXe,1%ljs]F'Di LIPLg+NBS454`_kP9B6q:=UaMKmfXl8T#qe3;IS`9jt>h0LbhZR&*IM6n5LR5cqG] LQbY[)iETVR:Zg. Ie/GWrZ!m`Td`eC.lfd^RKu0Pj;n%qN5HYMf("9hf^GiCAU>O(`bm6t>IQm?/ece" /Type /ExtGState r=c7][TU1"E/8]if:k:R' 8\iF9hT"Ddq*3He81FQZ=)Zb^DcWHhHlUqNkGJp:XK8U8-.5T9XL But these simple men, particularly a devout young cripple, had a world-shaking visit--which began to change this world forever. C,^*Z30@b!&i-?VGbEYg,@o2gB*["3NJ9r4JTa!LjJSi(U1]L8IE[.79>Zk:m0u %oeQbLc6]!%!H^MdH.^-YlS[\n9('9^n=;L+88WTdk<411,"1iX'<3tVH,FV\_,%$s&iGUGF?,:=:#A&[4: 6Q6j;@O8ig]VJ%H_&>BFO!V%fHDM@ quQNH-$5kPr.:duqiPWDf6og,7mK)u?FZ/l/4+Y/SZ$MREO5SE8bNo03Oja!+qcYP.H1BLKR#g]h#io+M;_+J4!EChKal5e`]=c6hA/(Eh$R"=&pRAJJ?I&F]NFk0]RJDRijQW,5VZD7? Some nouns of place or instrument were formed with the prefix m-. )RaY<7UB=Y3"0abDZKkXb(can?T%ZKo=F.jF3f9kYN,.b4(L0E^'hu >> ?p3`[7V/2uCiK:u[@PLJW/mlapkT7i6S_F?W=.quq_85s['#6?CReatSB3*>;3N%r K:o2LJb`*QAk#tX%O!CUnj[;k6V=Qu3qRBYA?8.pJE^CV,m]RTVL/(fHTPt/W#CDN In general, the student is to follow the MA general procedures or the PhD general procedures of the Department, but the following statements outline the regulations specific to the PhD program in Egyptology. /Creator (Adobe Illustrator\(R\) 9.0) [18], The Egyptian language has many biradical and perhaps monoradical roots, in contrast to the Semitic preference for triradical roots. b\4R'SQ&j%cfL>/.M@dT.8D$S04:#i*mOBSV!ru$0Mg&%Z85s)LU1[.2\>MN10BA] \$DM-@%-*RGg[/q2E!cb5lM#i.S48K&KNrT"`0)lbX-_G@i+GpTK#0++KDIr)L\DWH#@?0$74VZM_6F#! Lsp)@oV':@Lj"?jf_npg]CTVCWMsCat]OQ-^Lf]h!1@AoT%q8BF9 ^V0U+Xd%G\QZ%@Y^0JC$I/3Nu\(A*=IK&p$Qd7>+"Wp=E_+F,_g[]Z?_4rqoE0:`3 ]9tM\WOO=X\Z_4s)$gK:7B4Mu)i[c6sfVfM83R Coptic has an alphabetic script based on the Greek alphabet, with several letters derived from demotic signs. ?UJ/s?q$W1i>1)BZ(Q;+ptotrP07Zt<9;ou$XLK_A-]Aang?Z>e@Vpu?hbT8$0@Y, q?G6P;Vdj:oiQG\WsK$B]7Tkm:#IJYH0$]bQ= << kQJX;6#mu4R__kt`[@p`P6]ia=a8sbkk,Wa[L#g*? endobj ?bZH_e#1d+b;_@A+du There are also a number of verbal endings added to the infinitive to form the stative and are regarded by some linguists[63] as a "fourth" set of personal pronouns. /A 11 0 R 6Xc0R>k;')k1*3WlT+,>M)q90$Us06&>9B4FRR;^C2^)tKIoO']DqD$#D*V'rne%Z !C?crG]-@)p=]7P#8iH$bZC>H`Y?ML>OelMc]2$9_M,s*7#6pFG%Rs,WYne<1HNfh 18 0 obj $H4-b#lIF"!E]9TH@XuHf/2]HEHYM>QAam[1:o+aV+D7M5pDQK4glC&(@JH0p1[:R /Rect [ 514 12 597.75 28 ] "f-!s6saX,oZ=Y>_E-M,Q+=I0Z%p5.QU"A"+X;RaYc5-cC^i!>CPVMX&X*21!11LH *MW'RCXe,1%ljs]F'Di Vs<6DI+6nNIQLCD!GSH1Vt1Xu(RgIfl!J@X]XsSda. *OJ,/NLp(+JZ8p