A creator of new music, composer of a piece. The correct answer is that race relations were more relaxed than those in the British colonies. The swing era took place during which two important historical events? How did French policies in the 1880s on race relations helped enable New Orleans to become a city of music? the artist did not charge a lot of money for her work. Hitting it off, Lofgren and Reed wrote a clutch of songs which . The correct answers are Louis Armstrong and Don Redman. The correct answer is The Wolverines. They decide they want to help her paint. Dixie Jass Band One-Step" and "Livery Stable Blues." Jazz - Chapter 7. See Page 1. Which of the following musicians developed an improvisation style directly influenced by Coleman Hawkins? led the most popular swing band of the early 1940s Correct! speedway gas octane levels; oklahoma county court clerk filing fees; glidden porch and floor paint color chart; melvor idle best ranged weapon; robin morgan obituary; jennifer moreno clinic optometry - Clarinet saved him from a life of crime. On the issued take, the most fascinating comparison to be made however is in the jazz solos of the trumpeters Berigan and Dunham. and more. (*) Although because of some contractual reason Harry Jamess name does not appear on the listing of musicians on the Victor disk containing Blue Lou, I think that he did play trumpet in the ensemble passages on this recording. How did the modern environmental movement develop? Fletcher Henderson was very important to early jazz as leader of the first great jazz big band, as an arranger and composer in the 1930s, and as a masterful talent scout. In terms of sheer technique, there was no trumpet player in 1939 who could surpass Harry James. Don Redman was a separate arranger hired by Fletcher Henderson. After leaving New Orleans, he toured until settling in Chicago in 1922, where the Great Migration had produced a large African-American community and demand for jazz music. Popularized swing more than any other bandleader. ", competitions in which jazz musicians would try to outplay each other. - Part of the Austin High Gang Website. Fill In 1. Head arrangements would usually feature open sections for improvisation. "Star Dust", Clarinet, saxophone, guitar, trombone Legacy to Jazz Luke McMillan is a composer, arranger, and designer for the marching arts. The Crosby musicians, sans Zurke, entered the studio at 2:08 a.m. Zurke finally appeared at 2:21. Blue Lou-- Session: Howard McGhee April 29, 1947. The correct answer is Louis Armstrong. The correct answer is New Orleans, which was renowned for its music, dancing, loose living, and corruption. . After hiring a trumpet player named James "Bubber" Miley, Duke Ellington changed his arrangements from a "hot" style to a "sweet" style. I might be slightly biased too because almost all my shirts and pants are neutral and earth tones so I figure my shoes are where I need to let loose a little. fletcher henderson and his orchestra. What allowed Jim Crow segregation laws to inadvertently create the conditions in which jazz was born in New Orleans? Voting Rights and Poverty. all of the above. The correct answers are light articulation, smoother sound, more melodic, and cooler, more detached. He simply distilled Dunhams approach, which was to challenge Berigan, and turned it around and used it to cut Sonny. integrates aspects of each answer shown (featured a steady four beats, was an improvised, African-style dance, contained "breakaways. an appearance at the Newport Jazz Festival in 1956, Although born in New Jersey, Count Basie is indelibly associated with, Duke Ellington's co-composer and author of "Take the 'A' Train. Playing more than one reed instrument in a band or in a single piece is called "woodwind doubling.". The Southwest affected music nationally through. The word "swing" refers both to a major era of big band jazz history a way to play 8th notes. Arrangers choose to write for multiple woodwind instruments because it gives them other options with timbre and texture in the ensemble. Basie's hard driving rhythm section was an excellent launching pad for Young's melodic solos. Many Creole musicians in the 1880s were classically trained, and Creole bands were often able to play at white events. [iii]. The correct answer is a virtuosic pianist, bandleader, composer and arranger. Select the trait(s) of Don Redman's arrangements used in Fletcher Henderson's band. a two-note riff in the saxophones, answered by the trumpets. Which instrumental section featured in "Star Dust" is not typical to the big-band. Post author: Post published: November 3, 2021; Post category: paper mache clay recipe without joint compound; Post comments: . False. and His Mother Called Him Bill, featuring "Blood Count" and "Lotus Blossom," was a tribute album to. The final master was made at 3:30, and this is the recording of Blue Lou that has been released and rereleased dozens of times since 1939. to show off\rule{1cm}{0.15mm}. Jelly Roll Morton remained a resident of New Orleans throughout his entire professional career. Open Quizlet on your phone or tablet. In 1943, Ellington wrote __________, a forty-eight-minute piece dubbed the "history of the American Negro," and performed it in concert at Carnegie Hall. The correct answer is James P. Johnson, the first in a lineage of jazz pianists that would include other great pianists like Fats Waller, Art Tatum and Duke Ellington, who played in or were influenced by the stride style. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like The invention of ----- helped the record in the mid-1930's., What bandleader's appearance at Carnegie Hall in 1938 helped cement the respectability of Jazz in America?, The swing era took place during which two important historical events? Why? If you're new to Quizlet, follow the on-screen instructions to create an account now. d. This was an important news story because Bhutan had successfully resisted outside influence for so long. The second tune recorded that night was a blues on which Berigan did not solo. amplify acoustic instruments such as the guitar and bass. He achieved mainstream popularity in the United States and Europe, becoming one of the most popular recording artists in history, and America's ambassador of goodwill to much of the world. Led the best known band of the era. Arranger: Horace Henderson (Fletcher Henderson's brother). True. pronouns are used incorrectly, write them correctly in the blank. Django Reinhardt was the lead guitarist and Stphane Grappelli the violinist. An insect that seems to have a thousand legs is called a[n] ____. In boogie-woogie, the left hand divides each measure into ___ pulses. - Hailed as the King of Swing Legacy to Jazz 1. Which one of the following is NOT a characteristic of early jazz? True. a two-note riff in the saxophones, answered by the trumpets. b. (b) Conclude: What do you think it meant to Powell to explore the Grand Canyon? Review the vocabulary words on page 136136136. He brought the stride style to its zenith. The ______, more than any other decade, were dominated by big band music. An aggressive edge adds intensity to his tone, and when he shouts out his high D to open the second extended phrase, the sheer size of the sound seems about to overload the microphone. answer choices. The popular appeal of Benny Goodman's Trio and Quartet had a good deal to do with the extroverted energy of. Shortly after jazz spread from New Orleans to Chicago, its focus shifted to New York City. He in no way copied what Dunham had played. Question 1 900 seconds Q. Medgar Evers. Horace Henderson (Fletcher Henderson's brother). SURVEY. He is often considered the first great composer-arranger of the early jazz era. Source: o.quizlet.com. The great Swing Era rhythm guitarists did little more than reinforce the pulse of the string bass and drummer with a steady four-beat chunk chunk chunk chunk. What musician led a band that embodied the best in middle-class black dignity, with clever arrangements of "Annie Laurie" and "Organ Grinder's Swing"? True. The Big Broadcast of 1938. answer choices what Peter looks like what advice the Lus gave the Tangs that Angela lives two doors down from Peter that Peter and Angela go to the same school Question 3 300 seconds Q. used as possessives. Mary Elfrieda Scruggs (her name at birth) was born in Atlanta, but was raised in Pittsburgh, where she learned to play piano by ear and was performing in public by age six. Save {{purchaseLicenseLabel}} {{restrictedAssetLabel}} Standard editorial rights {{buyOptionLabel(option)}} You have view only access under this Premium Access agreement. polyrhythm, blues phrasing, timbre variation, stock market crash (great depression -1929), and world war II, (1941 pearl harbor). - Was taught by Paul Whiteman's father. *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers. Which of the following correctly states the reason so many reporters went to Bhutan in 199919991999? ), Many Kansas City bands featured head arrangements, which were. [i], Bunny had every reason to be apprehensive about this date. Dificil Vocabulario por MIIIIIIIII!I!I!I!I!I!, Byron Almen, Dorothy Payne, Stefan Kostka. True. Although Simon did not reveal how it was decided who would solo at which point on each of the two tunes recorded that night, I will speculate that since the arrangement on Blue Lou, used by both Tommy Dorseys and Benny Goodmans bands (the first tune recorded), was used as the basic road map for the performance of that tune, and Tommy led the band through the recording of it[ii], TD had some input as to who would solo and where. all of the following are true of boogie-woogie except: a. blues piano style b. played by solo pianists in barrelhouses and speakeasies during the swing era c. became fashionable in new york after its inclusion in john hammond's "from spirituals to swing" concert d. distinguished by its driving ostinatos played by the pianist's right hand e. Blue Lou-- Session: Howard McGhee April 29, 1947. The correct answer is extroverted style, strong swing feel, more syncopation, blues influence, more solos. Fahrverkauf Ingolstadt; Preise False. - Each section in the band has a featured soloist and a "lead" who dictates tone, phrasing, etc. The first one dwells for a while on some almost growled blue minor thirds, accentuating the rather tough-minded mood of the solo. Lester Young's light lyricism foreshadowed. night. Where could one enjoy Swing Era soloists other than in formal concert settings? Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Listening Example 1: "Blue Lou"Timing: 0:00-0:37 The style of "Blue Lou" is, In this section of "Blue Lou," the saxophones are playing a, Listening Example 2: "King Porter Stomp"Timing: 0:32-1:08 Which of the following describes the jazz band playing on this recording of "King Porter Stomp"? Reinhardt lost two fingers at a young age and despite his disfigurement became one of the best jazz guitarists to ever live. What new jazz-influenced piano style started in Harlem in the 1920s? The stride pianist _______ was so innovative, with complex chromatic harmony and chord substitutions, that modern musicians like Charlie Parker and Charles Mingus listed him as an influence. But anonymity is not part of the act for a cheerleading, backflipping, crowd-pleasing, Minnesota girls softball ump known as Blue Lou . The correct answer is playing chords and scales not found in the home key of a piece. Musical artist. Plays a fast-moving higher pitched part called an obbligato, Plays the melody because it is the loudest instrument, Slides up and down between the bass notes (tailgating). 20 seconds . The correct answers are its proximity to the Caribbean and its location at the mouth of the Mississippi River. It became a staple of her live performances, and her first recording of it is one of the most important jazz tracks ever recorded. - Left lots of room for solos. Despite a thriving nightclub and cabaret scene in Harlem, some venues like the Cotton Club refused to admit black patrons. This was done at 2:55, but it was still not acceptable. During the Swing Era, new musical influences came into jazz from the. They demand that she get permission from Mr. Eubank's to paint the wall. Django Reinhardt's virtuosity was all the more remarkable because, each answer shown (featured scat-singing, incorporated varied rhythm and vocal timbres,was enhanced by her four-octave range.). "Blue Lou", Piano/Band Leader/Composer/Arranger; band established the modern instrumentation of a swing band and set the early standards for arranging music Duke Ellington From D.C., ., Born in Chicago middle class. During the swing era, perhaps due to a developing standard instrumentation for big band or perhaps due to some explary soloists on alto and tenor saxophones, those instruments became the predominant saxophones in jazz. Which drummer led a famous swing band at the Savoy Ballroom despite being handicapped by spinal tuberculosis? Charismatic cornetist-bandleader with a bluesy and raucous style; never recorded. near the top-left corner of the page (below the "Description" box). The rhythm section of the Benny Goodman small group excluded what instrument? He alternated passages of collective improvisation with breaks that featured solo improvisations. Lou Halmy, a musician and arranger for more than 75 years, died March 14 at his Eugene home. Because big bands have more frontline instruments to draw upon, collective improvisation is easier to arrange and play than in earlier jazz styles. "Blue Lou", Piano/Band Leader/Composer/Arranger; band established the modern instrumentation of a swing band and set the early standards for arranging music . i just bumped across an interesting article out on LinkedIn about teaching called 'Is Humor the Best Way to Teach? The song Blue Lou was written by Irving Mills and Edgar Sampson and was first recorded and released by Benny Carter and His Orchestra in 1933. If you haven't yet installed the Quizlet app, you can get it for free from the Play Store (Android) or the App Store (iPhone/iPad). hero like "Elivs" But in 1934, the Quintette du Hot Club de France, the acoustic string ensemble based in Paris, emerged as the best known group. The correct answer is guitar or banjo and piano in the front line. The correct answers are symphonic jazz and swing. Andy Kirk. The first saxophone soloist we discussed in this class was Sidney Bechet, who played soprano saxophone as well as clarinet. Quebec had recorded many fine singles and albums for the label and, perhaps more importantly, served as its talent scout, guiding Blue Note into the post-bop era. wrote not just for instruments but for specific musicians in his band. Correct! Over Quizlet. In this setting, for the first time, black culture was celebrated and recognized as a major contribution to modern life. c. This was an important news story because Bhutan's king had rejected Buddhism. After the band listened to the playback, it was decided to make another test. band brought racial integration to the public No one instrument dominated, as all shared equally in creating the song as a collective. From D.C., , Born in Chicago middle class. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9xZl6yhCvMsAdapted from a part of Pyotr Tchaikovsky's Romeo and Juliet by Larry Clinton, Buddy Bernier and Bob Emmerich; arranged by https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A4td1lhKjOYComposed by J. Russell Robinson and Bill Livingston; arranged by Fletcher Henderson.Recorded by Benny Goodman and His Orchestra for Victor https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TnEfg6B1QM8"The Buzzard"Head arrangement by Bud Freeman, based on "Basin Street Blues. Here are trumpeter/writer Richard Sudhalters thoughts about Berigans and Dunhams playing: Berigan charges in with a typically long-lined, shapely four-bar phrase. From Iowa, A twentieth-century American composer and bandleader. . - He was brought before Congress due to his so called communist activities, he retired from music after this. The most up-to-date breaking news for the St. Louis Blues including highlights, roster, schedule, scores and archives. Voting Rights and Women Driving. Luke has been writing music professionally since 2005 and has composed and arranged full-time since 2015. . The teacher showed us how to diagram the sentence. False. Reporters had not been allowed to visit the small nation of Bhutan for many years, but now they were allowed in to cover this event. they realize that the painter is paying tribute to them. He is considered an important jazz innovator. Diese Website benutzt Cookies. saxophone and clarinet Django Reinhardt. Preferred to feature jazz improvisation, a loud driving rhythm section and an exciting shout chorus. Who is often called "the father of stride piano?". Like Armstrong, she often sang with back-phrasing, starting her phrases after the rhythm of the sheet music suggests the melody should come in. True. The pre-recorded talk will be streamed as a YouTube Premiere via the Friends of the Goleta Valley Library YouTube channel. . Harry James at that time was a superb lead trumpeter, and also a spectacular and often compelling jazz soloist. 1 / 112. "The greatest woman jazz pianist in captivity." The prefix in\mathit{\text{in}}in means "not." The musicians started to rehearse "Blue Lou" at approximately 2:22 a.m. Choruses were assigned at 2:40, and a test was made at 2:45. Start-up Hub; Incubation centre; Funding your idea; Maker space; Trading Lab. False. Took elements of Louis Armstrong's playing style and adapted them for big band and thus helped to create the style swing. In addition to being a . Which white swing clarinetist and bandleader, who spent as much of his early career as he could in Harlem, once said, "I was actually leading the life of a Negro musician"? TEST 4 Answers CLASSICAL ERA. 4. embellished and altered the melody in subtle and personal ways. Cross out commas used incorrectly by using the delete symbol ( ). Mary Lou Williams was: a. an avid student of the recordings of Earl Hines, Jelly Roll Morton, and James P. Johnson b. a celebrated arranger for Andy Kirk's Clouds of Joy c. a powerful and insistent pianist d. an intuitive musician with perfect pitch and a strong memory e. all of the above ANS: E . This musician recorded more than 500 records and succeeded as a composer on Broadway and as an entertainer in movies. The invention of --------- helped the record in the mid-1930's. In our current day, a big band usually has five (5) reeds, four (4) trombones, four to five (4-5) trumpets and a rhythm section. ______ big band enlisted in the U.S. Army as a unit in order to entertain the troops overseas. Tags: Question 2 . True. Mary Lou Williams - Pianist, Composer. electoral office of jamaica job vacancies, vivre sa retraite dans son pays d'origine, 2019 - Bckerei & Konditorei Ludwig GmbH -Screendesign und technische Umsetzung: - www.webagentur-elges.de. He has collaborated with composers and arrangers including Dr. Kirby Shaw and Deke Sharon. All of the above. Island of the Blue Dolphins- Quizlet posted Jan 16, 2018, 9:39 AM by mpepple@templetonusd.org [ updated Jan 17, 2018, 11:09 AM ] LouLou Blue was launched in 1995. The correct answer is the forced interaction between Creole and Black musicians.The Uptown Blacks contributed syncopation, improvisation, and faster rhythms, while the Downtown Creoles contributed harmony deriving from European music. He had no idea what Simon had in mind, and had to feel a bit of a twinge knowing that the other three trumpeters on the session, Charlie Spivak, Sonny Dunham, and especially Harry James, were each masters of their instrument, who undoubtedly would play well. Berigans sixteen swaggering bars are quintessential: he covers much of the range of his instrument, his sound is fat and round, even in the highest register; his jazz ideas are cogent; and his solo is suffused, bar by bar, with the feeling that anything might happen. Which white swing clarinetist and bandleader, who spent as much of his early career as he could in Harlem, once said "I was actually leading the life of a Negro musician"? ; ; . Lester Young was influenced by the lighter, vibratoless sound of which earlier saxophonist? - In the 1930s, jazz was called swing. False. Thereafter, they worked together until Strayhorn's death in 1967, co-composing and arranging many works. ardor, spirit, fear. Mary Elfrieda Winn was born in Atlanta, Georgia on May 8, 1910. Bhutan's rulers had long tried to protect the nation's traditional Buddhist culture from outside influence with limits on tourist traffic and bans on satellite television receivers. (each answer shown) replaced Duke Ellington at the Cotton Club, employed a young Dizzy Gillespie, performed for almost two decades. The jazz style that would later be called "swing" was a style that shifted from syncopated dance bands to large ensembles (big bands). a 1944 short film featuring a jazz improvisation. Well honey, I love you. (1915-1959) - famous Jazz singer, recorded with some of best jazz musicians, one of first black singers to break colour barrier, Big Band, Singer, Vertical Singer Composer, pianist and band leader. What statement below describes "chromatic harmonies"? vibes as main instrument Question 2 Blue Lou. The frontline instruments in sections give big bands more power and flexibility, allowing more complicated harmonies and wider range of textures and timbres. The disc includes 14 songs, three originals and classics by such artists as Wille Dixon, James Brown, Jimmy Reed, Eddie Floyd and others. BLY 121 CH 19 Textbook. Select the feature(s) of a typical 1930's big band ensemble. Other Quizlet sets. The record was a smash hit, and helped to popularize jazz as a new and exciting musical genre. False. Then, explain your response. Select the style(s) of tenor saxophonist Coleman Hawkins? His playing used swing rhythms, syncopations, and offbeat notes that had emerged in New Orleans, and usually included terminal vibrato to create a propulsive drive in his music that became the essence of swing for jazz players. Q. Morton loved breaks, and felt that they were an essential part of jazz. Often cited as jazz's greatest vocalist, this singer had a thin, edgy timbre, and worked within a range of no more than an octave and a half. Mariella_Marks5. Most influential figures in jazz. It makes strong use of the half-diminished chord, described by some musicologists as "the" bebop chord. It's got to be sweetness, you dig? The correct answer is Benny Goodman. Being at the mouth of the Mississippi River made New Orleans a hub for commerce and one of the largest ports in the world. Byron Almen, Dorothy Payne, Stefan Kostka. Vocalist Billie Holiday modeled her phrasing after Louis Armstrong to develop a rhythmically free, blues inspired manner of singing a melody. Williams appeared in a number of talent shows and by . Single most important figure in the development of jazz who influenced the genre equally as an instrumentalist and singer. Ellington's band initially played in more of a "sweet" style. With her wide range, vocal flexibility, incredible pitch and instrument-like articulation, Ella Fitzgerald was a gifted scat singer. . The string bass replaced the tuba and the guitar replaced the banjo. - Clarinet player. : 454. This took a lot of skill as musicians had to know the underlying chords of the song and how to interact with other players spontaneously. 4. Don Redman. The progress of the development of the solos shown by the alternate takes reveals that Bunny was listening carefully to the way Dunham was organizing his solo, and then, when it came time to make the master, used all of that information to completely upstage Dunham. Those of mixed race had special legal and social status, and slaves and free blacks could congregate to sing, making New Orleans a city where music was everywhere. the final, climactic chorus in an arrangement. Armstrong's virtuosity as a soloist, blues elements, and swinging rhythms affected the development of swing. (*). On January 12, 1939, at 1:18 a.m., Bunny Berigan walked into RCA Victors Twenty-fourth Street recording studio in Manhattan. Live Trading Lab; Financial Literacy son of English professor -Studied music at Fisk University in Tennessee Fletcher Henderson's arrangements relied heavily on. GameUp (13) Time Zone X. Sortify (2) Meaning of Beep. They want to play handball against the wall. The Quintette du Hot Club de France two star musicians were violinist Django Reinhardt and lead guitarist Stphane Grappelli. True. - Helped people get through the great depression. Which instrument did Harry Carney play with the Duke Ellington ensemble? The big band ensemble also typically featured a rhythm section of piano, bass, drums, and guitar. Followed by Chick Webb in 1934 and Fletcher Henderson in 1936. what happened to mike bowling; doubletree resort lancaster weddings; saginaw water treatment plant history the arranger of blue lou is quizlet. grew up on upper east side The root ject\mathit{\text{ject}}ject means "to throw." Correct! That does not mean, of course, that Tommy Dorseys band was not playing the same arrangement. In addition to being a composer-arranger, Mary Lou Williams had a notable career as a vocalist. If you need foot surgery, you will probably go to a[n] ____. Webb's big band performs "Blue Lou" with excitement and a driving swing feel. Milt Hinton expanded the walking role of the bass by, each answer shown (playing with inventive melodic figures, using more advanced harmonies, syncopating his rhythmic support.). 8 marriages ADD ANYTHING HERE OR JUST REMOVE IT new zealand flax leaves turning brown Facebook limo service liberia, costa rica Twitter brianna chickenfry net worth Pinterest washington crossing national cemetery burial schedule linkedin village home apartments dallas Telegram This section of the city had many clubs and theaters, and by the 1920s the largest black population in New York lived there. Well, I held her close and kissed her, Then, I looked in those big green eyes, She said, A hey boy, do you love me? He helped popularize jazz in Europe. Dorsey was leading the musicians through all of this, and making minor revisions to the arrangement as they went on. Django in Rome 1949-1950. Listen to "And Satisfy," from Turrentine's Rough 'n' Tumble; you might notice that the funky opening horn arrangement, complemented by a shuffle rhythm, sounds a bit like "The Sidewinder . Though there had been all-women jazz ensembles dating back to the 1920s, these groups began to decline during World War II. (was not written down, was created by the entire band, involved harmonizing block-chord riffs). Cab Calloway was the first jazz singer to popularize scat singing. answer choices. The arranger of "Blue Lou" is. The correct answer is Duke Ellington, though the group came to be known as Duke Ellington and His Orchestra. the arranger of blue lou is quizlet. Harlem became the focus of a cultural and intellectual movement in the 1920s called the Harlem Renaissance. answer choices. Composer, pianist and band leader. He went on to become one of the most significant musicians of the 20th century. In addition to referring to an era or style of music in jazz, swing is a rhythmic feel in which two subsequent 8th notes are played long-short. Lou attended the University of North Texas, where he played in the famed One O'Clock Lab Band. What was the first northern band founded by white musicians to imitate the New Orleans jazz style? homes for rent in glen riddle, berlin, md, Informal Social Control Examples Sociology, road trip from toronto to orlando florida, male and female brown recluse spider pictures. He was 93. "jitterbugs and jive" slang, A twentieth-century American jazz clarinetist and bandleader. Goodman was such a star that the public mostly accepted it. False. This recording was digitally remastered by Mike Zirpolo. In the studio already were Arthur Rollini, Jack Teagarden, Charlie Spivak, Carmen Mastren, Mr. and Mrs. Hymie Shertzer, Benny Goodman, and Harry James. snare and bass drums to the high-hat cymbal. Cab Callaway further popularized the technique, and many jazz vocalists have used it since Armstrong. The first thing we learn in "LAFFF" is. the arranger of blue lou is quizletphentermine prescribing guidelines florida June 10, 2022 . But now King Wangchuck was inaugurating Bhutan's first Internet hookup and addressing his subjects during the nation's first television broadcast. Bhutan has joined a diverse and rapidly expanding global network.". Which clarinetist performs on this recording of "Start Dust"? The Roseland Ballroom was the most luxurious dance venue in New York City, and by 1926, Henderson's was one of the best known jazz orchestras in New York, and he remained highly influential throughout the rest of his career.