More AP Euro Chapter Outlines. out the war than the clumsy democratic government of the Republicans. By February 1939, 250,000 Republican soldiers, together with an equal number of civilians, had fled across the border into France. Nationalists suffered from incompetent junior officers, but not to the same Please wait while we process your payment. In 1936 the Spanish Civil War began. She started the journal Die Rote Fahne (The Red Flag). He was the commander of the Deutsches Afrika Korps and also became known by the nickname "The Desert Fox" for the skillful military campaigns he waged on behalf of the German Army in North Africa. a British politician and three times Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. Still the democracies did not act, and would not do so until they were forced to go to war once again, war total and world-wide. Fascist and extreme-right forces responded in July 1936 with an army mutiny and coup attempt that expanded into a civil war. the signature work of Adolf Hitler, combining elements of autobiography with an exposition of Hitler's political ideology of Nazism. Both sides repressed opposition; together, they executed or assassinated more than 50,000 suspected enemies to their respective causes. The Second Balkan War was over Albania, a mainly Muslim region in the Adriatic. There were 50,000 Italian soldiers in Spain at the height of General map of the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939). EXAMPLE:The girl with the brown hair is a new student. Franco's wing painting by Pablo Picasso, which he was already working on at the time of the Nazi German bombing of Gernika, Spain, by twenty-four bombers, on April 26, 1937 during the Spanish Civil War, and which he decided to name after it. Thus, the government fell prey to corruption and faction, and support and organization The actual Manhattan Project did not take place in NY. There were two battles of El Alamein, both during 1942. Spanish Civil War. They would wait for 36 years, for Franco remained in power Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. AP European History Terms: World War II: Ms., Eric Hinderaker, James A. Henretta, Rebecca Edwards, Robert O. Self, John Lund, Paul S. Vickery, P. Scott Corbett, Todd Pfannestiel, Volker Janssen, Milady - Chapter 11 - Disorders and Diseases, USCG Rules Lights & Shapes (Rules 23 & 24), Letter to the author/ editor - useful phrases. French politician, was the Prime Minister of France three times: from 1936 to 1937, for one month in 1938, and from December 1946 to January 1947. Following the end of the Spanish civil war in 1939, the bodies of 1,700 Republicans -soldiers, civilians, people caught in the wrong place at the wrong time - were carted through the centre. By the time the fighting ended on June 2, 1945, the U.S. had lost 50,000 men and the Japanese 100,000. Associated with the phrase "God, death, what is higher.". The Spanish Civil War (1936-39) was the bloodiest conflict western Europe had experienced since the end of WWI in 1918. Updates? In 1931, leftist Republican parties triumphed in municipal and national elections, forcing Alfonso to leave Spain. a document that is an attempt to control king (Charles I) included: -no taxes unless approved by Parliament -no forced loans, no martial law in peacetime, no imprisonment without trial, no quartering of soldiers -KING NOT ABOVE LAW Charles agreed to the petition only because he needed the money lead up to Civil War You'll be billed after your free trial ends. The protagonist of Ernest Hemingway's For Whom the Bell These were delivered along with the usual political commissars, urging allegiance to the partly line. The Loyalists held the capital at Madrid, the Basque Country, and the developed eastern seaboard, including Catalonia with its cosmopolitan capital at Barcelona. In the Spanish Civil War, service for Spaniards living abroad was optional and would have involved a voluntary return to the country to join either side. With only limited support from France, and none at all from One cause was that Spain wanted Independence Cornell Notes Topic / Objective: Name: Jack Andrew Joa The Spanish Civil War Class: Chapter 23.4 Notes Period: Date: Essential Question: The Spanish Civil War Chapter 23.4 Notes Questions: Notes: Spain: World War I: Neutral. Because the Russians held the line, the Germans were pushed back, and never recovered. Renews March 10, 2023 The Algeciras Conference was begun by Germany after it had tested the new French-British understanding by sending a warship to the Tangier where Kaiser William II made a speech favoring Moroccan independence. French Radical-Socialist politician, and Prime Minister of France at the beginning of World War II. instructors. The "bulge" refers to the salient the Germans initially put into the Allies' line of advance. The Spanish conflict quickly generated worldwide fears that it could explode into a full-fledged European war. Although largely overshadowed by the Supermarine Spitfire, the aircraft became renowned during the Battle of Britain. By the end of 1938, Francos forces seized Catalonia; by spring 1939, Valencia and the capital of Madrid. The captaincy of the Nationalists was gradually assumed by General Franco, leading forces he had brought from Morocco. A. Thomas is a very unusual author,;\overset{\textit{\color{#c34632}{;}}}{{,\\\color{#c34632}{_\wedge}}},; she wrote her first book at the age of thirteen. He was executed with his family shortly thereafter in 1918. Internecine conflict compromised the Republican effort from the outset. These treaties preserved peace during the 1920s but are also credited with enabling the rise of the Japanese Empire as a naval power leading up to World War II. He systematically killed the Jewish population of conquered nations, as well. September 29, 1936, there was no one to challenge his authority. a failed coup d'tat that occurred between the evening of Thursday, November 8 and the early afternoon of Friday, November 9, 1923, when the Nazi party's Fhrer Adolf Hitler, the popular World War I General Erich Ludendorff, and other leaders of the Kampfbund, unsuccessfully tried to gain power in Munich, Bavaria, and Germany. 20: The Revolution in Energy and Industry, Ch. boredom, disillusionment, or a desire for adventure as often as genuine The Civil War The military uprising started in Morocco on July 17, 1936, and quickly spread to the garrisons of metropolitan Spain. Her most famous works include the novels Mrs. Dalloway (1925), To the Lighthouse (1927), and Orlando (1928), and the book-length essay A Room of One's Own (1929) with its famous dictum, "a woman must have money and a room of her own if she is to write fiction". The disestablishment of the Roman Catholic Church was one platform on which nearly all agreed. The right reacted with fervor. Both the Nationalist and Republican sides, seeing themselves as too weak to win a quick victory, turned abroad for help. 22 Life in the Emerging Urban Society. War. The union of Austria with Germany, resulting from the occupation of Austria by the German army in 1938. a region of Czechoslovakia where many Germans lived; demanded by Hitler in 1938 to have control of this land; when Czechs refused, Hitler threatened war. judgment of his military advisors, sending bombers and soldiers to Spain in They assured an alliance with each other while agreeing to support each other against Allied powers. https://www.britannica.com/summary/Spanish-Civil-War. leader of the American forces in Europe during WWII leader of troops in Africa and commander in D Day invasion, Italian fascist who rules after Mussolini and with whom the US negotiates a surrender (so much for unconditional surrender--Stalin embittered). For the past five years, Tracy has dedicated a yearly three-day Spanish Civil War unit to his AP European History class. The start date of Operation Overlord. You have these wonderful images, for instance. Continue to start your free trial. Proofread the following paragraphs, correcting any misspelled words or errors in the use of numbers. (one code per order). Arguably one of the most important battles of WWII. The Nationalists and Republicans proceeded to organize their respective territories and to repress opposition or suspected opposition. The Bosnian crisis occurred when Austria, who had made a previous agreement with Russia to support opening up the Straits for warships if Russia supported Austria. First amphibious invasion ever. Spanish civil war In 1936 a rebellion erupted in Spain after a coalition of Republicans, Socialists, and Communists was elected. He was a skilled draftsman, best known for the striking, bizarre, and beautiful images in his surrealist work. Their blanket bombing on April 26, 1937 of the Basque town of Guernica was a tragedy not only for the Basques, but for the whole world., now introduced to a new tactic the deliberate bombing of unwarned civilians. Contact us Your group members can use the joining link below to redeem their group membership. General Francisco Franco Franco's ensuing rein was one of oppression and tradition. an American novelist, short-story writer, and journalist. It was a breeding ground for mass atrocities. occurred in 1923 when Germany stopped making their reparation payments required by the Treaty of Versailles. a line of concrete fortifications, tank obstacles, machine gun posts and other defenses which France constructed along its borders with Germany and with Italy, in the light of experience from World War I, and in the run-up to World War II. Blum passed legislation extending the rights of the Arab population of Algeria. Think about the basics of teaching young people . He is particularly remembered for advocating interventionist government policy, by which the government would use fiscal and monetary measures to mitigate the adverse effects of economic recessions, depressions and booms. The English Civil War began a historical precedent in the way the monarchs are seen in Western Europe. force, beginning in October 1936 with the creation of the Popular Army, which, the German air force before and during World War II. Austrian Chancellor who refused to be intimidated by Hitler and decided to announce a plebiscite on March 13th in which Austrian people themselves could decide whether to unite with Germany. disagreed with the leftist efforts at army reform, and viewed with distaste the Hitler unleashed his air force or Luftwaffe, including the entire Condor Legion, which practiced in Spain the tactics it would use in the larger conflict to come. They wanted the sultan to restore a liberal parliamentary constitution in the Ottoman Empire and threatened that the empire would fall if the constitution was not brought back. Tsar of Russia from 1894-1917, who is largely described as being in the wrong position at the wrong time. Under the barrage of nationalist attack Barcelona fell, during Unsuccessful German attack on the city of Stalingrad during World War II from 1942 to 1943, that was the furthest extent of German advance into the Soviet Union. lasted nine days, from 3 May 1926 to 12 May 1926. AKA Battle of the Ardennes started on December 16, 1944. planned by the Germans was to split the British and American Allied line in half, capturing Antwerp and then proceeding to encircle and destroy four Allied armies, forcing the Western Allies to negotiate a peace treaty in the Axis's favor. It chronicles the 1934 Nazi Party Congress in Nuremberg. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. an alliance of left-wing movements, including the French Communist Party (PCF), the Socialist SFIO and the Radical and Socialist Party, during the interwar period. They granted the right to vote to women. In the 1890s it was used by the Gaelic League, which advocates the revival of the Irish language. He gained notoriety chiefly for being one of the SS physicians who supervised the selection of arriving transports of prisoners, determining who was to be killed and who was to become a forced labourer, and for performing human experiments of dubious scientific value on camp inmates, amongst whom Mengele was known as the Angel of Death. an international organization that oversees the global financial system by observing exchange rates and balance of payments, as well as offering financial and technical assistance when requested. A succession of governmental crises culminated in the elections of February 16, 1936, which brought to power a Popular Front government supported by most of the parties of the left and opposed by the parties of the right and what remained of the centre. 800 British ships, ranging from warships to fishing boats, crossed the channel from England to rescue over 300,000 British and French troops. He proved incapable of managing the state during the time of political turmoil before the end of WWI, and was forced to abdicate his throne during the Russian Revolution in 1917. Spanish Civil War, (193639), military revolt against the Republican government of Spain, supported by conservative elements within the country. When the USS Maine sank, the United States believed the tragedy was the result of Spanish sabotage and declared war on Spain. City in Japan, the first to be destroyed by an atomic bomb, on August 6, 1945. On July 17, 1936, army officers in Spanish Morocco, North Africa, launched a revolt against the government. Although the U.S. government stayed neutral in the Spanish Civil War, about 2,800 Americansmany of whom had never before fired a gunvolunteered for the Republican cause. Allied forces under Dwight D. Eisenhower landed on the beaches of France in history's greatest naval invasion. (2002) Compare and contrast the religious policies of TWO of the following: Elizabeth I of England Catherine de Medicis of France Isabella I of Spain The English Civil War . the most bloody of the comparatively few European battles American forces experienced in WWII, the 19,000 American dead, stragety of Allies in World War 2 of capturing some Japanese-held islands and going around others, Suicide attacks by bomb-laden Japanese planes, a bloody and prolonged operation on the island of Iwo Jima in which American marines landed and defeated Japanese defenders (February and March 1945). fast, maneuverable British fighter plane that helped England win the Battle of Britain. the name used in the first half of the 20th century for the regions inhabited mostly by Germans in the border areas of Bohemia, Moravia, and those parts of Silesia associated with Bohemia. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Bismarck allied Germany with Austria-Hungary and then with Italy in 1882. You may cancel your subscription on your Subscription and Billing page or contact Customer Support at custserv@bn.com. In the ensuing years, the government became increasingly Truman, Churchill, and Stalin discussed the future of Europe but their failure to reach meaningful agreements soon led to the onset of the Cold War. The About 500,000 people died in the war, and all Spaniards were deeply scarred by the trauma. a German SS officer and a physician in the Nazi concentration camp Auschwitz-Birkenau. This treaty averted war for the time being but left both the Russians and Turks dissatisfied and later was one of the causes for the First World War. Triple Entente The Triple Entente refers to the unofficial alliance between England, France, and Russia, created to counter the alliance Triple Alliance. Successfully staved off an invasion by the German Luftwaffe. Picasso, who had allied himself with the Republican cause, read about the massacre of defenseless civilians and the theme of the mural for the Spanish Pavilion suddenly presented itself. Austria did not want the Serbs to gain access to the sea, so they too wanted Albania for themselves. . A diverse bunch,. The Civil War took place because the rising was successful only in Old Castile, in Navarra, where Carlist support was decisive, and, of the larger towns, in Zaragoza, Sevilla, Crdoba, Valladolid, and Cdiz. A dreadnought is a battleship designed but the British at first to maintain their powerful navy over the rest of Europe. Sarmad Kako 7th period DBQ Essay The Thirty Years War devastated all of Europe from 1618-1648. The war ended on 1 April 1939, when the last Republican troops surrendered. The Republicans received aid from the Soviet Union as well as from the International Brigades, composed of volunteers from Europe and the United States. Such was the case in 20th-century Spain, where several years of attempted republican rule erupted into civil war, eventually giving way to a fascist dictatorship that lasted well into the 1970s . tanks, superior to the German Mark IIs, arrived in October, along with advanced Civil Guard was present. Prime Minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland from 1945 to 1951; the first Labour Prime Minister to serve a full Parliamentary term and the first to have a majority in Parliament. on 50-99 accounts. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. The goal of these operations as planned by the Germans was to split the British and American Allied line in half, capturing Antwerp and then proceeding to encircle and destroy four Allied armies, forcing the Western Allies to negotiate a peace treaty in the Axis's favor. while better organized than the militias, was chronically short of arms and Had they taken Stalingrad, they could have gone to Moscow, and would never have been defeated. While ground combat was somewhat reminiscent of World War Itanks had a comparatively limited role, and lines remained fixed for months at a timeHermann Grings Luftwaffe offered a glimpse of the role that air power would play in the German blitzkrieg. It was the first disarmament conference in history, and is studied by political scientists as a model for a successful disarmament movement. Much of the early research was done in New York City by refugee physicists in the United States. By signing up you agree to our terms and privacy policy. Whither thou goest, I will go, as it says in Ruth 111 161616. Spanish Civil War, (193639) Military revolt against the government of Spain. The Spanish Civil War was triggered by a complex range of events that were highly significant not only for the future of Spain, but also for the development of European politics in 20 th century. was a Russian painter, printmaker and art theorist. He imprisoned and many upon coming to power--up to a million according to some His term of endearment for JEws. In the ensuing years, the government became increasingly divided between the socialists of the extreme left and the monarchists of the extreme right. They were called the Central Powers because they were encircled by the Allied Powers. Code name for the U.S. effort during World War II to produce the atomic bomb. Despite its short life, the Popular Front government passed much important legislation, including the 40-hour week, paid holidays for the workers, collective bargaining on wage claims and the nationalisation of the arms industry. For the next 7 days, you'll have access to awesome PLUS stuff like AP English test prep, No Fear Shakespeare translations and audio, a note-taking tool, personalized dashboard, & much more! A methodical plan orchestrated by Hitler to ensure German supremacy. Also known as the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, it was a non-aggression treaty between the German Third Reich and the Soviet Union. Many more small nations joined the Allies. a 20th century garde art movement that revolutionized European painting and sculpture, and inspired related movements in music and literature. About 40,000 foreigners fought on the Republican side in the International Brigades largely under the command of the Comintern, and 20,000 others served in medical or auxiliary units. Spanish Civil War, (1936-39), military revolt against the Republican government of Spain, supported by conservative elements within the country. They captured the Basque northern provinces in the summer of 1937 and then Asturias, so that by October they held the whole northern coast. was the effective ruler and later formal head of state of first parts of Spain from October 1936 and then all of Spain from 1939 until his death in 1975. Review the vocabulary word listed below. An elected center-left government faced a military revolt that eventually resulted in the creation of an authoritarian regime. Mussolini's Italy sent guns, tanks, Planes, and men. Chamberlain is perhaps the most ill-regarded British Prime Minister of the 20th century in the popular mind internationally, because of his policy of appeasement towards Nazi Germany, a leader of the Czechoslovak independence movement and the second President of Czechoslovakia. government took power. Corrections? Held between Britain, America, and the USSR: *Chose Europe's west coast as point of attack instead of the Mediterranean Sea -- led to Soviet Union occupying Eastern Europe, FDR, Churchill and Stalin met at Yalta.