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Quite ambitious in nature, Thomas Penn attempts to write a portrait of Henry VII and his reign. Sophia Money-Coutts: Sensitivity readers don't want Henry VIII to be There he found more English fugitives, willing to invade England in support of Henry, and bearing news that Richard III had serious plans to marry the princess Elizabeth himself. Consultant editor for the. To say the least, Winter King: Henry VII and the Dawn of Tudor England is quite an interesting read. In 1621 Francis Bacon's history of. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. While most of us are familiar with Henry VIII and Elizabeth I and we probably have a sense of the Wars of the Roses in England, but how many of us are familiar with Henry VII. The rebels were defeated (June 1487) in a hard-fought battle at Stoke (East Stoke, near Newark in Nottinghamshire), where the doubtful loyalty of some of the royal troops was reminiscent of Richard IIIs difficulties at Bosworth. Since we are in the middle of winter, Ive been thinking of a volume on my shelves on Henry VII, who could be called the Winter King. He took care not to address the baronage or summon Parliament until after his coronation, which took place in Westminster Abbey on 30 October 1485. [32], Next, in 1487, Yorkists led by Lincoln rebelled in support of Lambert Simnel, a boy they claimed to be Edward of Warwick (who was actually a prisoner in the Tower). The father's government was an exercise in discoloration. He had to pay a 500 fine to save himself, to buy a pardon for the crime. Annoyingly, much of the most interesting stuff concerns his son, and whenever Penn comments intelligently on how the events here affected the future Henry VIII's reign I found myself perking up such as the suggestion that Henry VII's marriage to Elizabeth was the kind of marriage that their second son, Prince Henry, would spend his whole life trying to find. He spent most of the next 14 years under the protection of Francis II, Duke of Brittany. Henry Tudor, named after his father, Henry VII, was born by Elizabeth of York June 28, 1491 in Greenwich Palace. Local gentry saw the office as one of local influence and prestige and were therefore willing to serve. Amateur historians Bertram Fields and Sir Clements Markham have claimed that he may have been involved in the murder of the Princes in the Tower, as the repeal of Titulus Regius gave the Princes a stronger claim to the throne than his own. Henry VII is actually a less familiar figure, despite being the same person. Castles of . Two themes of his book preside: the permanent vulnerability of Henry's regime, and his ruthless methods of rule. Effectively an orphan, he had spent wretched years as a fugitive in Brittany. After Wolf Hall, I wanted to find out about Henry VII, the lesser-studied father of Henry VIII, who founded the Tudor Dynasty. [40], Henry VII improved tax collection in the realm by introducing ruthlessly efficient mechanisms of taxation. Loyalty was ensured, and the nobility was effectively neuteredand Henry became the richest monarch in Europe. Alternate titles: Henry Tudor, earl of Richmond, Professor of Medieval History, University of Liverpool, 196780. Thanks largely to the desertion of his stepfather, Lord Stanley, to him, he defeated and slew Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth on August 22, 1485. 1) The number of books on Henry VII can basically be counted on one hand 2) This is Penns first book. Winter King: The Dawn of Tudor England by Thomas Penn - review The rebellion was defeated and Lincoln killed at the Battle of Stoke. Thus, Henry Tudor had no choice but to gather together an army including mercenary soldiers as well as his own supporters, and he landed in Wales in August, 1485. Why was Henry VII called the Winter King? Henry VII: The Winter King (95) 59min 2013 PG. He likens the beginning of Henry VIII's reign to a metaphorical spring, a second coming of sorts because Henry VIII seemed to be the opposite of his father. Thomas More hailed the end of "slavery" and the return of "liberty", "the end of sadness, the beginning of joy". His first chance came in 1483 when his aid was sought to rally Lancastrians in support of the rebellion of Henry Stafford, duke of Buckingham, but that revolt was defeated before Henry could land in England. Thomas Penns Winter King in a brilliant mash-up of gothic horror and political biography. Stanley was accused of supporting Warbeck's cause, arrested and later executed. He explained how Henry VII had achieved what he set out to do, he had passed on the crown successfully. Henry reigned for nearly 24 years and was peacefully succeeded by his son, Henry VIII. Henry VII was born on 28 January 1457 at Pembroke Castle, in the English-speaking portion of Pembrokeshire known as Little England beyond Wales. When Henry VII called his first parliament he used it as an opportunity to legitimise his reign. [20] He amassed an army of about 5,0006,000 soldiers. When they married in 1396 they already had four children, including Henry's great-grandfather John Beaufort. In 1621 Francis Bacon's history of the reign called Henry "a dark prince, and infinitely suspicious". Many influential Yorkists had been dispossessed and disappointed by the change of regime, and there had been so many reversals of fortune within living memory that the decision of Bosworth did not appear necessarily final. Seriously, got nudged by my partner when I'd nodded off. He died shortly afterwards in Carmarthen Castle. I was disappointed by this it was decent but I think it was somewhat overhyped. With the English economy heavily invested in wool production, Henry VII became involved in the alum trade in 1486. Henry VII's reign has yielded an evocative study, Original reporting and incisive analysis, direct from the Guardian every morning, ILLUSTRATION: CLIFFORD HARPER/AGRAPHIA.CO.UK. Sometimes, Penn explained, charges against people were fabricated so that they would have to pay a fine, for example, a man who was charged with murdering a child and who was found guilty because the jury was rigged. But Henry had a crucial asset: his queen and their children, the living embodiment of his hoped-for dynasty. Henry was a remarkable man. [33], In 1490, a young Fleming, Perkin Warbeck, appeared and claimed to be Richard of Shrewsbury, the younger of the "Princes in the Tower". At Rennes Cathedral on Christmas Day 1483, Henry pledged to marry Elizabeth of York, the eldest daughter of Edward IV. Henry's father, Edmund Tudor, 1st Earl of Richmond, a half-brother of Henry VI of England and a member of the Welsh Tudors of Penmynydd, died three months before his son Henry was born. His claim to the throne was tenuous and permanently contested. Before taking the throne, he was known as Henry Tudor, earl of Richmond. His father was the son of Owen Tudor, a Welsh squire, and Catherine of France, the widow of King Henry V. His mother was the great-granddaughter of John of Gaunt, duke of Lancaster, whose children by Catherine Swynford were born before he married her. Henry VII. The Winter King HD - YouTube Penn explained how Henry reworked recent events to suit him. It is not known precisely where Cabot landed, but he was eventually rewarded with a pension from the king; it is presumed that Cabot perished at sea after a later unsuccessful expedition. Sonnet XCVII - Massachusetts Institute of Technology What old December's bareness every where! From his victory over Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth, to his secret death and the succession of his son Henry VIII, the film reveals the ruthless tactics . This meant that Henry had been the rightful King in the battle and that Richard had been the usurper, and those who supported him had been traitors. He married his brother's widow, Catherine of Aragon. At the same time, Flemish merchants were ejected from England. Bacon wanted the future Charles I to learn from Henry's reign, but the financial methods that would provoke fatal opposition to Charles look pale beside the exactions levied by Henry from often innocent subjects, who were denied legal process or threatened with trumped-up prosecutions and had to buy their freedom (though at moments of apparently impending death the king would repent of his methods and have the jails cleared and pardons issued). Through this, he found that his Lord Chamberlain, Sir William Stanley, was involved in the plot. Many of the entries show a man who loosened his purse strings generously for his wife and children, and not just on necessities: in spring 1491 he spent a great amount of gold on a lute for his daughter Mary; the following year he spent money on a lion for Elizabeth's menagerie. Henry the eighth was a renaissance King. His biographer, Professor Chrimes, credits him even before he had become king with "a high degree of personal magnetism, ability to inspire confidence, and a growing reputation for shrewd decisiveness". Penn showed a genealogical roll that had belonged to the de la Pole family which showed Henry VI being the end of the Lancastrian line and the Yorkist line continuing on to Richard III. Though outnumbered, Henry's Lancastrian forces decisively defeated Richard's Yorkist army at the Battle of Bosworth Field on 22 August 1485. Moneywise, King Henry the VII was frugal and careful with money. [51], Henry VII was one of the first European monarchs to recognise the importance of the newly united Spanish kingdom; he concluded the Treaty of Medina del Campo, by which his son Arthur, Prince of Wales, was married to Catherine of Aragon. Only through the deaths of more obvious claimants, and after the accession of Richard III in 1483, when Henry was 26, did he become a leading candidate. [9] He took it, as well as the standard of St. George, on his procession through London after the victory at Bosworth. Penn notes something else about the paeans on the son's accession: later in the Tudor period, apologists for the regime would remember Henry VII as the restorer of national peace and unity, but in 1509 it was the king's death, not his rule, that was held to have ended a long era of dark instability. Richard III's death at Bosworth Field effectively ended the Wars of the Roses. Old rivalries simmered, however. Unfortunately, since all I really wanted to know about was learning about Henry the 7th and his family as people - the things that happened to them, what kind of people they were, etc. Pembroke Castle, and later the Earldom of Pembroke, were granted to the Yorkist William Herbert, who also assumed the guardianship of Margaret Beaufort and the young Henry. Henry VII - History Learning Site To unite the opponents of Richard III, Henry had promised to marry Elizabeth of York, eldest daughter of Edward IV; and the coalition of Yorkists and Lancastrians continued, helped by French support, since Richard III talked of invading France. From 1527 Henry pursued what became known as "the King's great matter": his divorce from Catherine. His history plays depicted the dramatic conflicts of the wars of the roses, which Henry's accession after his victory at Bosworth in 1485 brought to an end. Based on the terms of the accord, Henry sent 6000 troops to fight (at the expense of Brittany) under the command of Lord Daubeney. Henry was building a myth, the idea that he and his family were the true royal blood of England. It was no easy feat. [citation needed], After 1503, records show the Tower of London was never again used as a royal residence by Henry VII, and all royal births under Henry VIII took place in palaces. Prince Arthur was born just eight months after his parents marriage, at Winchester, the seat of King Arthurs Camelot. Shakespeare later turned to Henry's son and successor Henry VIII, whose rule brought marital sensation, renaissance spectacle and the reformation. In 1485, history was about to be changed for ever by a man who was a refugee, a fugitive whod spent half his life on the run and with barely a claim to the throne: Henry Tudor. Up to a point, he succeeded. For me, history is alive and energizing - not something static and remote. Henry VII was born in Pembroke Castle , Wales, on January 28 th, 1457. Henry VII: Winter King - A Review and Rundown - The Anne Boleyn Files In many ways, it highlights that Henry VIII was a feckless inheritor of the tools of Machiavellian power, but had no idea to what productive end to put them. [79], Amiable and high-spirited, Henry was friendly if dignified in manner, and it was clear that he was extremely intelligent. However, this treaty came at a price, as Henry mounted a minor invasion of Brittany in November 1492. Until the death of his wife, the evidence is clear from these accounting books that Henry was a more doting father and husband than was widely known and there is evidence that his outwardly austere personality belied a devotion to his family. Here was a young man who enjoyed jousting, who enjoyed chatting with the other knights in the tiltyard and with people of low degree. What freezings have I felt, what dark days seen! He had finished his palace of Richmond, he was controlling his allies and keeping an eye on his enemies, and now was the time to finalise the marriage agreement between England and Spain.